xref: /freebsd-14.2/UPDATING (revision 02a8a4e4)
1Updating Information for users of FreeBSD stable/14.
2
3This file is maintained and copyrighted by M. Warner Losh <[email protected]>.
4See end of file for further details.  For commonly done items, please see the
5COMMON ITEMS: section later in the file.  These instructions assume that you
6basically know what you are doing.  If not, then please consult the FreeBSD
7handbook:
8
9    https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/cutting-edge/#makeworld
10
11Items affecting the ports and packages system can be found in
12/usr/ports/UPDATING.  Please read that file before updating system packages
13and/or ports.
14
1520240419:
16	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
17	been upgraded to 18.1.6. It is important that you run `make delete-old`
18	as described in the COMMON ITEMS section, otherwise several libc++
19	headers that are obsolete and need to be removed can cause compilation
20	errors in C++ programs.
21
2220240415:
23	MFC e0f3dc82727f: If you have an arm64 system that uses ACPI, you will
24	need to update your loader.efi in the ESP when you update past this
25	point.  Detection of ACPI was moved earlier in the binary so the scripts
26	could use it, but old binaries don't have this, so we default to 'no
27	ACPI' in this case.
28
2920240218:
30	MFC of 713db49d06de changed 'struct ieee80211vap' internals in net80211.
31	Given we do not have enough spares and the struct is allocated by
32	drivers, all wireless drivers have to be recompiled.
33	__FreeBSD_version is updated to 1400509 to track this change.
34
3520240207:
36	sendmail 8.18.1 has been imported and merged.  This version enforces
37	stricter RFC compliance by default, especially with respect to line
38	endings.  This may cause issues with receiving messages from
39	non-compliant MTAs; please see the first 8.18.1 release note in
40	contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES for mitigations.
41
4220240202:
43	Loader now also read configuration files listed in local_loader_conf_files.
44	Files listed here are the last ones read. And /boot/loader.conf.local was
45	moved from loader_conf_files to local_loader_conf_files leaving only
46	loader.conf and device.hints in loader_conf_files by default.
47
48	The following sequencing is applied:
49
50	1. Bootstrap:
51	    /boot/defaults/loader.conf
52
53	2. Read loader_conf_files files:
54	    /boot/device.hints
55	    /boot/loader.conf
56
57	3. Read loader_conf_dirs files:
58	    /boot/loader.conf.d/*.conf
59
60	4. And finally, rread local_loader_conf_files files:
61	    /boot/loader.conf.local
62
6320240119:
64	Commit d34f4baaf138 changed the internal interface between
65	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.  As such, both need to be
66	rebuilt from sources.  Therefore, bump __FreeBSD_version
67	to 1400506.
68
6920231229:
70	Commit 925d9b3abac2 modified the internal API between
71	the nfscommon and nfscl modules.
72	As such, both of these modules need to be rebuilt from
73	sources.  Therefore, the __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
74	to 1400503.
75
7620231224:
77	Commits acc704b36192 and b8e137d8d32d both modified the
78	internal API between the kgssapi and krpc modules.
79	As such, both of these modules need to be rebuilt from
80	sources.
81	As such, __FreeBSD_version has been bumped to 1400502.
82
8320231113:
84	The WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD option has been removed.  When LLD is enabled
85	it is always installed as /usr/bin/ld.
86
8720230924:
88	Enable splitting out pkgbase manpages into separate packages by
89	default. To disable this, set WITHOUT_MANSPLITPKG=yes in src.conf.
90
91
9220230924:
93	Move standard include files to the clibs-dev package and move clang
94	internal libraries and headers to clang and clang-dev. Upgrading systems
95	installed using pkgbase past this change involves extra steps to allow
96	for these file moves:
97
98		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities
99		pkg upgrade -y FreeBSD-utilities-dev
100		pkg upgrade -y
101
10220230824:
103	__FreeBSD_version 1400097 after the branching stable/14 from main.
104
10520230817:
106	Serial communication (in boot loaders, kernel, and userland) has
107	been changed to default to 115200 bps, in line with common industry
108	practice and typcial firmware serial console redirection
109	configuration.
110
111	Note that the early x86 BIOS bootloader (i.e., boot0sio) does not
112	support rates above 9600 bps and is not changed. boot0sio users may
113	set BOOT_COMCONSOLE_SPEED=9600 to use 9600 for all of the boot
114	components, or use the standard boot0 and have the boot2 stage start
115	with the serial port at 115200.
116
11720230807:
118	Following the general removal of MIPS support, the ath(4) AHB bus-
119	frontend has been removed, too, and building of the PCI support is
120	integrated with the ath(4) main module again. As a result, there's
121	no longer a need for if_ath_pci_load="YES" in /boot/loader.conf or
122	"device ath_pci" in the kernel configuration.
123
12420230803:
125	MAXCPU has been increased to 1024 in the amd64 GENERIC kernel config.
126	Out-of-tree kernel modules will need to be rebuilt.
127
12820230724:
129	CAM has been mechanically updated s/u_int(64|32|16|8)_t/uint\1_t/g
130	to move to the standard uintXX_t types from the old, traditional
131	BSD u_intXX_t types. This should be a NOP, but may cause problems
132	for out of tree changes. The SIMs were not updated since most of
133	the old u_intXX_t uses weren't due to CAM interfaces.
134
13520230629:
136	The heuristic for detecting old chromebooks with an EC bug that requires
137	atkbdc driver workarounds has changed. There should be no functional
138	change, but if your old chromebook's keyboard stops working, please
139	file a PR and assign it to imp.
140
14120230623:
142	OpenSSL has been updated to version 3.0, including changes throughout
143	the base system.  It is important to rebuild third-party software
144	after upgrading.
145
14620230619:
147	To enable pf rdr rules for connections initiated from the host, pf
148	filter rules can be optionally enabled for packets delivered
149	locally. This can change the behavior of rules which match packets
150	delivered to lo0. To enable this feature:
151
152		sysctl net.pf.filter_local=1
153		service pf restart
154
155	When enabled, its best to ensure that packets delivered locally are not
156	filtered, e.g. by adding a 'skip on lo' rule.
157
15820230613:
159	Improvements to libtacplus(8) mean that tacplus.conf(5) now
160	follows POSIX shell syntax rules. This may cause TACACS+
161	authentication to fail if the shared secret contains a single
162	quote, double quote, or backslash character which isn't
163	already properly quoted or escaped.
164
16520230612:
166	Belatedly switch the default nvme block device on x86 from nvd to nda.
167	nda created nvd compatibility links by default, so this should be a
168	nop. If this causes problems for your application, set hw.nvme.use_nvd=1
169	in your loader.conf or add `options NVME_USE_NVD=1` to your kernel
170	config. To disable the nvd compatibility aliases, add
171	kern.cam.nda.nvd_compat=0 to loader.conf.  The default has been nda on
172	all non-x86 platforms for some time now. If you need to fall back,
173	please email [email protected] about why.
174
175	Encrypted swap partitions need to be changed from nvd to nda if you
176	migrate, or you need to use the above to switch back to nvd.
177
17820230422:
179	Remove portsnap(8).  Users are encouraged to obtain the ports tree
180	using git instead.
181
18220230420:
183	Add jobs.mk to save typing. Enables -j${JOB_MAX} and logging
184	eg.
185		make buildworld-jobs
186	runs
187		make -j${JOB_MAX} buildworld > ../buildworld.log 2>&1
188
189	where JOB_MAX is derrived from ncpus in local.sys.mk if not set in env.
190
19120230316:
192	Video related devices for some arm devices have been renamed.
193	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
194	IMX6 board you need to add "device dwc_hdmi" "device imx6_hdmi" and
195	"device imx6_ipu" to it.
196	If you have a custom kernel config and want to use hdmi output on
197	TI AM335X board you need to add "device tda19988" to it.
198	If you add "device hdmi" in it you need to remove it as it doesn't
199	exist anymore.
200
20120230221:
202	Introduce new kernel options KBD_DELAY1 and KBD_DELAY2. See atkbdc(4)
203	for details.
204
20520230206:
206	sshd now defaults to having X11Forwarding disabled, following upstream.
207	Administrators who wish to enable X11Forwarding should add
208	`X11Forwarding yes` to /etc/ssh/sshd_config.
209
21020230204:
211	Since commit 75d41cb6967 Huawei 3G/4G LTE Mobile Devices do not default
212	to ECM, but NCM mode and need u3g and ucom modules loaded. See cdce(4).
213
21420230130:
215	As of commit 7c40e2d5f685, the dependency on netlink(4) has been added
216	to the linux_common(4) module. Users relying on linux_common may need
217	to complile netlink(4) module if it is not present in their kernel.
218
21920230126:
220	The WITHOUT_CXX option has been removed. C++ components in the base
221	system are now built unconditionally.
222
22320230113:
224	LinuxKPI pci.h changes may require out-of-tree drivers to be recompiled.
225	Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400078 to be able to detect this change.
226
22720221212:
228	llvm-objump is now always installed as objdump.  Previously there was
229	no /usr/bin/objdump unless the WITH_LLVM_BINUTILS knob was used.
230
231	Some LLVM objdump options have a different output format compared to
232	GNU objdump; readelf is available for inspecting ELF files, and GNU
233	objdump is available from the devel/binutils port or package.
234
23520221205:
236	dma(8) has replaced sendmail(8) as the default mta.  For people willing
237	to reenable sendmail(8):
238
239	$ cp /usr/share/examples/sendmail/mailer.conf /etc/mail/mailer.conf
240
241	and add sendmail_enable="YES" to rc.conf.
242
24320221204:
244	hw.bus.disable_failed_devices has changed from 'false' to 'true' by
245	default. Now if newbus succeeds in probing a device, but fails to attach
246	the device, we'll disable the device. In the past, we'd keep retrying
247	the device on each new driver loaded. To get that behavior now, one
248	needs to use devctl to re-enable the device, and reprobe it (or set
249	the sysctl/tunable hw.bus.disable_failed_devices=false).
250
251	NOTE: This was reverted 20221205 due to unexpected compatibility issues
252
25320221122:
254	pf no longer accepts 'scrub fragment crop' or 'scrub fragment drop-ovl'.
255	These configurations are no longer automatically reinterpreted as
256	'scrub fragment reassemble'.
257
25820221121:
259	The WITHOUT_CLANG_IS_CC option has been removed.  When Clang is enabled
260	it is always installed as /usr/bin/cc (and c++, cpp).
261
26220221026:
263	Some programs have been moved into separate packages. It is recommended
264	for pkgbase users to do:
265
266	pkg install FreeBSD-dhclient FreeBSD-geom FreeBSD-resolvconf \
267	  FreeBSD-devd FreeBSD-devmatch
268
269	after upgrading to restore all the component that were previously
270	installed.
271
27220221002:
273	OPIE has been removed from the base system.  If needed, it can
274	be installed from ports (security/opie) or packages (opie).
275	Otherwise, make sure that your PAM policies do not reference
276	pam_opie or pam_opieaccess.
277
27820220610:
279	LinuxKPI pm.h changes require an update to the latest drm-kmod version
280	before re-compiling to avoid errors.
281
28220211230:
283	The macros provided for the manipulation of CPU sets (e.g. CPU_AND)
284	have been modified to take 2 source arguments instead of only 1.
285	Externally maintained sources that use these macros will have to
286	be adapted. The FreeBSD version has been bumped to 1400046 to
287	reflect this change.
288
28920211214:
290	A number of the kernel include files are able to be included by
291	themselves.  A test has been added to buildworld to enforce this.
292
29320211209:
294	Remove mips as a recognized target. This starts the decommissioning of
295	mips support in FreeBSD. mips related items will be removed wholesale in
296	the coming days and weeks.
297
298	This broke the NO_CLEAN build for some people. Either do a clean build
299	or touch
300		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Targets.def
301		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmParsers.def
302		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/Disassemblers.def
303		lib/clang/include/llvm/Config/AsmPrinters.def
304	before the build to force everything to rebuild that needs to.
305
30620211202:
307	Unbound support for RFC8375: The special-use domain 'home.arpa' is
308	by default blocked. To unblock it use a local-zone nodefault
309	statement in unbound.conf:
310		local-zone: "home.arpa." nodefault
311
312	Or use another type of local-zone to override with your choice.
313
314	The reason for this is discussed in Section 6.1 of RFC8375:
315	Because 'home.arpa.' is not globally scoped and cannot be secured
316	using DNSSEC based on the root domain's trust anchor, there is no way
317	to tell, using a standard DNS query, in which homenet scope an answer
318	belongs.  Consequently, users may experience surprising results with
319	such names when roaming to different homenets.
320
32120211118:
322	Mips has been removed from universe builds. It will be removed from the
323	tree shortly.
324
32520211110:
326	Commit b8d60729deef changed the TCP congestion control framework so
327	that any of the included congestion control modules could be
328	the single module built into the kernel. Previously newreno
329	was automatically built in through direct reference. As of
330	this commit you are required to declare at least one congestion
331	control module (e.g. 'options CC_NEWRENO') and to also declare a
332	default using the CC_DEFAULT option (e.g. options CC_DEFAULT="newreno\").
333	The GENERIC configuration includes CC_NEWRENO and defines newreno
334	as the default. If no congestion control option is built into the
335	kernel and you are including networking, the kernel compile will
336	fail. Also if no default is declared the kernel compile will fail.
337
33820211106:
339	Commit f0c9847a6c47 changed the arguments for VOP_ALLOCATE.
340	The NFS modules must be rebuilt from sources and any out
341	of tree file systems that implement their own VOP_ALLOCATE
342	may need to be modified.
343
34420211022:
345	The synchronous PPP kernel driver sppp(4) has been removed.
346	The cp(4) and ce(4) drivers are now always compiled with netgraph(4)
347	support, formerly enabled by NETGRAPH_CRONYX option.
348
34920211020:
350	sh(1) is now the default shell for the root user.  To force root to use
351	the csh shell, please run the following command as root:
352
353	# chsh -s csh
354
35520211004:
356	Ncurses distribution has been split between libtinfow and libncurses
357	with libncurses.so becoming a linker (ld) script to seamlessly link
358	to libtinfow as needed. Bump _FreeBSD_version to 1400035 to reflect
359	this change.
360
36120210923:
362	As of commit 8160a0f62be6, the dummynet module no longer depends on the
363	ipfw module. Dummynet can now be used by pf as well as ipfw. As such
364	users who relied on this dependency may need to include ipfw in the
365	list of modules to load on their systems.
366
36720210922:
368	As of commit 903873ce1560, the mixer(8) utility has got a slightly
369	new syntax. Please refer to the mixer(8) manual page for more
370	information. The old mixer utility can be installed from ports:
371	audio/freebsd-13-mixer
372
37320210911:
374	As of commit 55089ef4f8bb, the global variable nfs_maxcopyrange has
375	been deleted from the nfscommon.ko.  As such, nfsd.ko must be built
376	from up to date sources to avoid an undefined reference when
377	being loaded.
378
37920210817:
380	As of commit 62ca9fc1ad56 OpenSSL no longer enables kernel TLS
381	by default.  Users can enable kernel TLS via the "KTLS" SSL
382	option.  This can be enabled globally by using a custom
383	OpenSSL config file via OPENSSL_CONF or via an
384	application-specific configuration option for applications
385	which permit setting SSL options via SSL_CONF_cmd(3).
386
38720210811:
388	Commit 3ad1e1c1ce20 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
389	modules. Therefore, all need to be rebuilt from sources.
390
39120210730:
392	Commit b69019c14cd8 removes pf's DIOCGETSTATESNV ioctl.
393	As of be70c7a50d32 it is no longer used by userspace, but it does mean
394	users may not be able to enumerate pf states if they update the kernel
395	past b69019c14cd8 without first updating userspace past be70c7a50d32.
396
39720210729:
398	As of commit 01ad0c007964 if_bridge member interfaces can no longer
399	change their MTU. Changing the MTU of the bridge itself will change the
400	MTU on all member interfaces instead.
401
40220210716:
403	Commit ee29e6f31111 changed the internal KAPI between the nfscommon
404	and nfsd modules. Therefore, both need to be rebuilt from sources.
405	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400026 for this KAPI change.
406
40720210715:
408	The 20210707 awk update brought in a change in behavior. This has
409	been corrected as of d4d252c49976. Between these dates, if you
410	installed a new awk binary, you may not be able to build a new
411	kernel because the change in behavior affected the genoffset
412	script used to build the kernel. If you did update, the fix is
413	to update your sources past the above hash and do
414		% cd usr.bin/awk
415		% make clean all
416		% sudo -E make install
417	to enable building kernels again.
418
41920210708:
420	Commit 1e0a518d6548 changed the internal KAPI between the NFS
421	modules. They all need to be rebuilt from sources.  I did not
422	bump __FreeBSD_version, since it was bumped recently.
423
42420210707:
425	awk has been updated to the latest one-true-awk version 20210215.
426	This contains a number of minor bug fixes.
427
42820210624:
429	The NFSv4 client now uses the highest minor version of NFSv4
430	supported by the NFSv4 server by default instead of minor version 0,
431	for NFSv4 mounts.
432	The "minorversion" mount option may be used to override this default.
433
43420210618:
435	Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400024 for LinuxKPI changes.
436	Most notably netdev.h can change now as the (last) dependencies
437	(mlx4/ofed) are now using struct ifnet directly, but also for PCI
438	additions and others.
439
44020210618:
441	The directory "blacklisted" under /usr/share/certs/ has been
442	renamed to "untrusted".
443
44420210611:
445	svnlite has been removed from base. Should you need svn for any reason
446	please install the svn package or port.
447
44820210611:
449	Commit e1a907a25cfa changed the internal KAPI between the krpc
450	and nfsserver.  As such, both modules must be rebuilt from
451	sources.  Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400022.
452
45320210610:
454	The an(4) driver has been removed from FreeBSD.
455
45620210608:
457	The vendor/openzfs branch was renamed to vendor/openzfs/legacy to
458	start tracking OpenZFS upstream more closely. Please see
459https://lists.freebsd.org/archives/freebsd-current/2021-June/000153.html
460	for details on how to correct any errors that might result. The
461	short version is that you need to remove the old branch locally:
462	    git update-ref -d refs/remotes/freebsd/vendor/openzfs
463	(assuming your upstream origin is named 'freebsd').
464
46520210525:
466	Commits 17accc08ae15 and de102f870501 add new files to LinuxKPI
467	which break drm-kmod.  In addition various other additions where
468	committed. Bump __FreeBSD_version to 1400015 to be able to
469	detect this.
470
47120210513:
472	Commit ca179c4d74f2 changed the package in which the OpenSSL
473	libraries and utilities are packaged.
474	It is recommended for pkgbase user to do:
475	pkg install -f FreeBSD-openssl
476	before pkg upgrade otherwise some dependencies might not be met
477	and pkg will stop working as libssl will not be present anymore
478	on the system.
479
48020210426:
481	Commit 875977314881 changed the internal KAPI between
482	the nfsd and nfscommon modules.  As such these modules
483	need to be rebuilt from sources.
484	Without this patch in your NFSv4.1/4.2 server, enabling
485	delegations by setting vfs.nfsd.issue_delegations non-zero
486	is not recommended.
487
48820210411:
489	Commit 7763814fc9c2 changed the internal KAPI between
490	the krpc and NFS.  As such, the krpc, nfscommon and
491	nfscl modules must all be rebuilt from sources.
492	Without this patch, NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts should not
493	be done with the nfscbd(8) daemon running, to avoid
494	needing a working back channel for server->client RPCs.
495
49620210330:
497	Commit 01ae8969a9ee fixed the NFSv4.1/4.2 server so that it
498	handles binding of the back channel as required by RFC5661.
499	Until this patch is in your server, avoid use of the "nconnects"
500	mount option for Linux NFSv4.1/4.2 mounts.
501
50220210225:
503	For 64-bit architectures the base system is now built with Position
504	Independent Executable (PIE) support enabled by default.  It may be
505	disabled using the WITHOUT_PIE knob.  A clean build is required.
506
50720210128:
508	Various LinuxKPI functionality was added which conflicts with DRM.
509	Please update your drm-kmod port to after the __FreeBSD_version 1400003
510	update.
511
51220210108:
513	PC Card attachments for all devices have been removed. In the case of
514	wi and cmx, the entire drivers were removed because they were only
515	PC Card devices. FreeBSD_version 1300134 should be used for this
516	since it was bumped so recently.
517
51820210107:
519	Transport-independent parts of HID support have been split off the USB
520	code in to separate subsystem.  Kernel configs which include one of
521	ums, ukbd, uhid, atp, wsp, wmt, uaudio, ugold or ucycom drivers should
522	be updated with adding of "device hid" line.
523
52420210105:
525	ncurses installation has been modified to only keep the widechar
526	enabled version.  Incremental build is broken for that change, so it
527	requires a clean build.
528
52920201223:
530	The FreeBSD project has migrated from Subversion to Git. Temporary
531	instructions can be found at
532	https://github.com/bsdimp/freebsd-git-docs/blob/main/src-cvt.md
533	and other documents in that repo.
534
53520201216:
536	The services database has been updated to cover more of the basic
537	services expected in a modern system. The database is big enough
538	that it will cause issues in mergemaster in Releases previous to
539	12.2 and 11.3, or in very old current systems from before r358154.
540
54120201215:
542	Obsolete in-tree GDB 6.1.1 has been removed.  GDB (including kgdb)
543	may be installed from ports or packages.
544
54520201124:
546	ping6 has been merged into ping.  It can now be called as "ping -6".
547	See ping(8) for details.
548
54920201108:
550	Default value of net.add_addr_allfibs has been changed to 0.
551	If you have multi-fib configuration and rely on existence of all
552	interface routes in every fib, you need to set the above sysctl to 1.
553
55420201030:
555	The internal pre-processor in the calendar(1) program has been
556	extended to support more C pre-processor commands (e.g. #ifdef, #else,
557	and #undef) and to detect unbalanced conditional statements.
558	Error messages have been extended to include the filename and line
559	number if processing stops to help fixing malformed data files.
560
56120201026:
562	All the data files for the calendar(1) program, except calendar.freebsd,
563	have been moved to the deskutils/calendar-data port, much like the
564	jewish calendar entries were moved to deskutils/hebcal years ago. After
565	make delete-old-files, you need to install it to retain full
566	functionality. calendar(1) will issue a reminder for files it can't
567	find.
568
56920200923:
570	LINT files are no longer generated. We now include the relevant NOTES
571	files. Note: This may cause conflicts with updating in some cases.
572	        find sys -name LINT\* -delete
573	is suggested across this commit	to remove the generated	LINT files.
574
575	If you have tried to update with generated files there, the svn
576	command you want to un-auger the tree is
577		cd sys/amd64/conf
578		svn revert -R .
579	and then do the above find from the top level. Substitute 'amd64'
580	above with where the error message indicates a conflict.
581
58220200824:
583	OpenZFS support has been integrated. Do not upgrade root pools until
584	the loader is updated to support zstd. Furthermore, we caution against
585	'zpool upgrade' for the next few weeks. The change should be transparent
586	unless you  want to use new features.
587
588	Not all "NO_CLEAN" build scenarios work across these changes. Many
589	scenarios have been tested and fixed, but rebuilding kernels without
590	rebuilding world may fail.
591
592	The ZFS cache file has moved from /boot to /etc to match the OpenZFS
593	upstream default. A fallback to /boot has been added for mountroot.
594
595	Pool auto import behavior at boot has been moved from the kernel module
596	to an explicit "zpool import -a" in one of the rc scripts enabled by
597	zfs_enable=YES. This means your non-root zpools won't auto import until
598	you upgrade your /etc/rc.d files.
599
60020200824:
601	The resume code now notifies devd with the 'kernel' system
602	rather than the old 'kern' subsystem to be consistent with
603	other use. The old notification will be created as well, but
604	will be removed prior to FreeBSD 14.0.
605
60620200821:
607	r362275 changed the internal API between the kernel RPC and the
608	NFS modules. As such, all the modules must be recompiled from
609	sources.
610
61120200817:
612	r364330 modified the internal API used between the NFS modules.
613	As such, all the NFS modules must be re-compiled from sources.
614
61520200816:
616	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
617	been upgraded to 11.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
618	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
619	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
620
62120200810:
622	r364092 modified the internal ABI used between the kernel NFS
623	modules.  As such, all of these modules need to be rebuilt
624	from sources, so a version bump was done.
625
62620200807:
627	Makefile.inc has been updated to work around the issue documented in
628	20200729. It was a case where the optimization of using symbolic links
629	to point to binaries created a situation where we'd run new binaries
630	with old libraries starting midway through the installworld process.
631
63220200729:
633	r363679 has redefined some undefined behavior in regcomp(3); notably,
634	extraneous escapes of most ordinary characters will no longer be
635	accepted.  An exp-run has identified all of the problems with this in
636	ports, but other non-ports software may need extra escapes removed to
637	continue to function.
638
639	Because of this change, installworld may encounter the following error
640	from rtld: Undefined symbol "regcomp@FBSD_1.6" -- It is imperative that
641	you do not halt installworld. Instead, let it run to completion (whether
642	successful or not) and run installworld once more.
643
64420200627:
645	A new implementation of bc and dc has been imported in r362681. This
646	implementation corrects non-conformant behavior of the previous bc
647	and adds GNU bc compatible options. It offers a number of extensions,
648	is much faster on large values, and has support for message catalogs
649	(a number of languages are already supported, contributions of further
650	languages welcome). The option WITHOUT_GH_BC can be used to build the
651	world with the previous versions of bc and dc.
652
65320200625:
654	r362639 changed the internal API used between the NFS kernel modules.
655	As such, they all need to be rebuilt from sources.
656
65720200613:
658	r362158 changed the arguments for VFS_CHECKEXP().  As such, any
659	out of tree file systems need to be modified and rebuilt.
660	Also, any file systems that are modules must be rebuilt.
661
66220200604:
663	read(2) of a directory fd is now rejected by default.  root may
664	re-enable it for system root only on non-ZFS filesystems with the
665	security.bsd.allow_read_dir sysctl(8) MIB if
666	security.bsd.suser_enabled=1.
667
668	It may be advised to setup aliases for grep to default to `-d skip` if
669	commonly non-recursively grepping a list that includes directories and
670	the potential for the resulting stderr output is not tolerable.  Example
671	aliases are now installed, commented out, in /root/.cshrc and
672	/root/.shrc.
673
67420200523:
675	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
676	been upgraded to 10.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
677	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
678	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
679
68020200512:
681	Support for obsolete compilers has been removed from the build system.
682	Clang 6 and GCC 6.4 are the minimum supported versions.
683
68420200424:
685	closefrom(2) has been moved under COMPAT12, and replaced in libc with a
686	stub that calls close_range(2).  If using a custom kernel configuration,
687	you may want to ensure that the COMPAT_FREEBSD12 option is included, as
688	a slightly older -CURRENT userland and older FreeBSD userlands may not
689	be functional without closefrom(2).
690
69120200414:
692	Upstream DTS from Linux 5.6 was merged and they now have the SID
693	and THS (Secure ID controller and THermal Sensor) node present.
694	The DTB overlays have now been removed from the tree for the H3/H5 and
695	A64 SoCs and the aw_sid and aw_thermal driver have been updated to
696	deal with upstream DTS. If you are using those overlays you need to
697	remove them from loader.conf and update the DTBs on the FAT partition.
698
69920200310:
700	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
701	been upgraded to 10.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
702	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
703	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
704
70520200309:
706	The amd(8) automount daemon has been removed from the source tree.
707	As of FreeBSD 10.1 autofs(5) is the preferred tool for automounting.
708	amd is still available in the sysutils/am-utils port.
709
71020200301:
711	Removed brooktree driver (bktr.4) from the tree.
712
71320200229:
714	The WITH_GPL_DTC option has been removed.  The BSD-licenced device tree
715	compiler in usr.bin/dtc is used on all architectures which use dtc, and
716	the GPL dtc is available (if needed) from the sysutils/dtc port.
717
71820200229:
719	The WITHOUT_LLVM_LIBUNWIND option has been removed.  LLVM's libunwind
720	is used by all supported CPU architectures.
721
72220200229:
723	GCC 4.2.1 has been removed from the tree.  The WITH_GCC,
724	WITH_GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and WITH_GNUCXX options are no longer available.
725	Users who wish to build FreeBSD with GCC must use the external toolchain
726	ports or packages.
727
72820200220:
729	ncurses has been updated to a newer version (6.2-20200215). Given the ABI
730	has changed, users will have to rebuild all the ports that are linked to
731	ncurses.
732
73320200217:
734	The size of struct vnet and the magic cookie have changed.
735	Users need to recompile libkvm and all modules using VIMAGE
736	together with their new kernel.
737
73820200212:
739	Defining the long deprecated NO_CTF, NO_DEBUG_FILES, NO_INSTALLLIB,
740	NO_MAN, NO_PROFILE, and NO_WARNS variables is now an error.  Update
741	your Makefiles and scripts to define MK_<var>=no instead as required.
742
743	One exception to this is that program or library Makefiles should
744	define MAN to empty rather than setting MK_MAN=no.
745
74620200108:
747	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler and LLD the default
748	linker for riscv64.
749
75020200107:
751	make universe no longer uses GCC 4.2.1 on any architectures.
752	Architectures not supported by in-tree Clang/LLVM require an
753	external toolchain package.
754
75520200104:
756	GCC 4.2.1 is now not built by default, as part of the GCC 4.2.1
757	retirement plan.  Specifically, the GCC, GCC_BOOTSTRAP, and GNUCXX
758	options default to off for all supported CPU architectures.  As a
759	short-term transition aid they may be enabled via WITH_* options.
760	GCC 4.2.1 is expected to be removed from the tree on 2020-03-31.
761
76220200102:
763	Support for armv5 has been disconnected and is being removed. The
764	machine combination MACHINE=arm MACHINE_ARCH=arm is no longer valid.
765	You must now use a MACHINE_ARCH of armv6 or armv7. The default
766	MACHINE_ARCH for MACHINE=arm is now armv7.
767
76820191226:
769	Clang/LLVM is now the default compiler for all powerpc architectures.
770	LLD is now the default linker for powerpc64.  The change for powerpc64
771	also includes a change to the ELFv2 ABI, incompatible with the existing
772	ABI.
773
77420191226:
775	Kernel-loadable random(4) modules are no longer unloadable.
776
77720191222:
778	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
779	been upgraded to 9.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
780	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
781	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
782
78320191212:
784	r355677 has modified the internal interface used between the
785	NFS modules in the kernel. As such, they must all be upgraded
786	simultaneously. I will do a version bump for this.
787
78820191205:
789	The root certificates of the Mozilla CA Certificate Store have been
790	imported into the base system and can be managed with the certctl(8)
791	utility.  If you have installed the security/ca_root_nss port or package
792	with the ETCSYMLINK option (the default), be advised that there may be
793	differences between those included in the port and those included in
794	base due to differences in nss branch used as well as general update
795	frequency.  Note also that certctl(8) cannot manage certs in the
796	format used by the security/ca_root_nss port.
797
79820191120:
799	The amd(8) automount daemon has been disabled by default, and will be
800	removed in the future.  As of FreeBSD 10.1 the autofs(5) is available
801	for automounting.
802
80320191107:
804	The nctgpio and wbwd drivers have been moved to the superio bus.
805	If you have one of these drivers in a kernel configuration, then
806	you should add device superio to it.  If you use one of these drivers
807	as a module and you compile a custom set of modules, then you should
808	add superio to the set.
809
81020191021:
811	KPIs for network drivers to access interface addresses have changed.
812	Users need to recompile NIC driver modules together with kernel.
813
81420191021:
815	The net.link.tap.user_open sysctl no longer prevents user opening of
816	already created /dev/tapNN devices.  Access is still controlled by
817	node permissions, just like tun devices.  The net.link.tap.user_open
818	sysctl is now used only to allow users to perform devfs cloning of
819	tap devices, and the subsequent open may not succeed if the user is not
820	in the appropriate group.  This sysctl may be deprecated/removed
821	completely in the future.
822
82320191009:
824	mips, powerpc, and sparc64 are no longer built as part of
825	universe / tinderbox unless MAKE_OBSOLETE_GCC is defined. If
826	not defined, mips, powerpc, and sparc64 builds will look for
827	the xtoolchain binaries and if installed use them for universe
828	builds. As llvm 9.0 becomes vetted for these architectures, they
829	will be removed from the list.
830
83120191009:
832	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
833	been upgraded to 9.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
834	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
835	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
836
83720191003:
838	The hpt27xx, hptmv, hptnr, and hptrr drivers have been removed from
839	GENERIC.  They are available as modules and can be loaded by adding
840	to /boot/loader.conf hpt27xx_load="YES", hptmv_load="YES",
841	hptnr_load="YES", or hptrr_load="YES", respectively.
842
84320190913:
844	ntpd no longer by default locks its pages in memory, allowing them
845	to be paged out by the kernel. Use rlimit memlock to restore
846	historic BSD behaviour. For example, add "rlimit memlock 32"
847	to ntp.conf to lock up to 32 MB of ntpd address space in memory.
848
84920190823:
850	Several of ping6's options have been renamed for better consistency
851	with ping.  If you use any of -ARWXaghmrtwx, you must update your
852	scripts.  See ping6(8) for details.
853
85420190727:
855	The vfs.fusefs.sync_unmount and vfs.fusefs.init_backgrounded sysctls
856	and the "-o sync_unmount" and "-o init_backgrounded" mount options have
857	been removed from mount_fusefs(8).  You can safely remove them from
858	your scripts, because they had no effect.
859
860	The vfs.fusefs.fix_broken_io, vfs.fusefs.sync_resize,
861	vfs.fusefs.refresh_size, vfs.fusefs.mmap_enable,
862	vfs.fusefs.reclaim_revoked, and vfs.fusefs.data_cache_invalidate
863	sysctls have been removed.  If you felt the need to set any of them to
864	a non-default value, please tell [email protected] why.
865
86620190713:
867	Default permissions on the /var/account/acct file (and copies of it
868	rotated by periodic daily scripts) are changed from 0644 to 0640
869	because the file contains sensitive information that should not be
870	world-readable.  If the /var/account directory must be created by
871	rc.d/accounting, the mode used is now 0750.  Admins who use the
872	accounting feature are encouraged to change the mode of an existing
873	/var/account directory to 0750 or 0700.
874
87520190620:
876	Entropy collection and the /dev/random device are no longer optional
877	components.  The "device random" option has been removed.
878	Implementations of distilling algorithms can still be made loadable
879	with "options RANDOM_LOADABLE" (e.g., random_fortuna.ko).
880
88120190612:
882	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt, libc++, libunwind and openmp have
883	been upgraded to 8.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for
884	information about prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already
885	using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
886
88720190608:
888	A fix was applied to i386 kernel modules to avoid panics with
889	dpcpu or vnet.  Users need to recompile i386 kernel modules
890	having pcpu or vnet sections or they will refuse to load.
891
89220190513:
893	User-wired pages now have their own counter,
894	vm.stats.vm.v_user_wire_count.  The vm.max_wired sysctl was renamed
895	to vm.max_user_wired and changed from an unsigned int to an unsigned
896	long.  bhyve VMs wired with the -S are now subject to the user
897	wiring limit; the vm.max_user_wired sysctl may need to be tuned to
898	avoid running into the limit.
899
90020190507:
901	The IPSEC option has been removed from GENERIC.  Users requiring
902	ipsec(4) must now load the ipsec(4) kernel module.
903
90420190507:
905	The tap(4) driver has been folded into tun(4), and the module has been
906	renamed to tuntap.  You should update any kld_list="if_tap" or
907	kld_list="if_tun" entries in /etc/rc.conf, if_tap_load="YES" or
908	if_tun_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf to load the if_tuntap
909	module instead, and "device tap" or "device tun" entries in kernel
910	config files to select the tuntap device instead.
911
91220190418:
913	The following knobs have been added related to tradeoffs between
914	safe use of the random device and availability in the absence of
915	entropy:
916
917	kern.random.initial_seeding.bypass_before_seeding: tunable; set
918	non-zero to bypass the random device prior to seeding, or zero to
919	block random requests until the random device is initially seeded.
920	For now, set to 1 (unsafe) by default to restore pre-r346250 boot
921	availability properties.
922
923	kern.random.initial_seeding.read_random_bypassed_before_seeding:
924	read-only diagnostic sysctl that is set when bypass is enabled and
925	read_random(9) is bypassed, to enable programmatic handling of this
926	initial condition, if desired.
927
928	kern.random.initial_seeding.arc4random_bypassed_before_seeding:
929	Similar to the above, but for arc4random(9) initial seeding.
930
931	kern.random.initial_seeding.disable_bypass_warnings: tunable; set
932	non-zero to disable warnings in dmesg when the same conditions are
933	met as for the diagnostic sysctls above.  Defaults to zero, i.e.,
934	produce warnings in dmesg when the conditions are met.
935
93620190416:
937	The loadable random module KPI has changed; the random_infra_init()
938	routine now requires a 3rd function pointer for a bool (*)(void)
939	method that returns true if the random device is seeded (and
940	therefore unblocked).
941
94220190404:
943	r345895 reverts r320698. This implies that an nfsuserd(8) daemon
944	built from head sources between r320757 (July 6, 2017) and
945	r338192 (Aug. 22, 2018) will not work unless the "-use-udpsock"
946	is added to the command line.
947	nfsuserd daemons built from head sources that are post-r338192 are
948	not affected and should continue to work.
949
95020190320:
951	The fuse(4) module has been renamed to fusefs(4) for consistency with
952	other filesystems.  You should update any kld_load="fuse" entries in
953	/etc/rc.conf, fuse_load="YES" entries in /boot/loader.conf, and
954	"options FUSE" entries in kernel config files.
955
95620190304:
957	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
958	8.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
959	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
960	or higher.
961
96220190226:
963	geom_uzip(4) depends on the new module xz.  If geom_uzip is statically
964	compiled into your custom kernel, add 'device xz' statement to the
965	kernel config.
966
96720190219:
968	drm and drm2 have been removed from the tree. Please see
969	https://wiki.freebsd.org/Graphics for the latest information on
970	migrating to the drm ports.
971
97220190131:
973	Iflib is no longer unconditionally compiled into the kernel.  Drivers
974	using iflib and statically compiled into the kernel, now require
975	the 'device iflib' config option.  For the same drivers loaded as
976	modules on kernels not having 'device iflib', the iflib.ko module
977	is loaded automatically.
978
97920190125:
980	The IEEE80211_AMPDU_AGE and AH_SUPPORT_AR5416 kernel configuration
981	options no longer exist since r343219 and r343427 respectively;
982	nothing uses them, so they should be just removed from custom
983	kernel config files.
984
98520181230:
986	r342635 changes the way efibootmgr(8) works by requiring users to add
987	the -b (bootnum) parameter for commands where the bootnum was previously
988	specified with each option. For example 'efibootmgr -B 0001' is now
989	'efibootmgr -B -b 0001'.
990
99120181220:
992	r342286 modifies the NFSv4 server so that it obeys vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport
993	in the same as it is applied to NFSv2 and 3.  This implies that NFSv4
994	servers that have vfs.nfsd.nfs_privport set will only allow mounts
995	from clients using a reserved port. Since both the FreeBSD and Linux
996	NFSv4 clients use reserved ports by default, this should not affect
997	most NFSv4 mounts.
998
99920181219:
1000	The XLP config has been removed. We can't support 64-bit atomics in this
1001	kernel because it is running in 32-bit mode. XLP users must transition
1002	to running a 64-bit kernel (XLP64 or XLPN32).
1003
1004	The mips GXEMUL support has been removed from FreeBSD. MALTA* + qemu is
1005	the preferred emulator today and we don't need two different ones.
1006
1007	The old sibyte / swarm / Broadcom BCM1250 support has been
1008	removed from the mips port.
1009
101020181211:
1011	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1012	7.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1013	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1014	or higher.
1015
101620181211:
1017	Remove the timed and netdate programs from the base tree.  Setting
1018	the time with these daemons has been obsolete for over a decade.
1019
102020181126:
1021	On amd64, arm64 and armv7 (architectures that install LLVM's ld.lld
1022	linker as /usr/bin/ld) GNU ld is no longer installed as ld.bfd, as
1023	it produces broken binaries when ifuncs are in use.  Users needing
1024	GNU ld should install the binutils port or package.
1025
102620181123:
1027	The BSD crtbegin and crtend code has been enabled by default. It has
1028	had extensive testing on amd64, arm64, and i386. It can be disabled
1029	by building a world with -DWITHOUT_BSD_CRTBEGIN.
1030
103120181115:
1032	The set of CTM commands (ctm, ctm_smail, ctm_rmail, ctm_dequeue)
1033	has been converted to a port (misc/ctm) and will be removed from
1034	FreeBSD-13.  It is available as a package (ctm) for all supported
1035	FreeBSD versions.
1036
103720181110:
1038	The default newsyslog.conf(5) file has been changed to only include
1039	files in /etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ and /usr/local/etc/newsyslog.conf.d/ if
1040	the filenames end in '.conf' and do not begin with a '.'.
1041
1042	You should check the configuration files in these two directories match
1043	this naming convention. You can verify which configuration files are
1044	being included using the command:
1045		$ newsyslog -Nrv
1046
104720181015:
1048	Ports for the DRM modules have been simplified. Now, amd64 users should
1049	just install the drm-kmod port. All others should install
1050	drm-legacy-kmod.
1051
1052	Graphics hardware that's newer than about 2010 usually works with
1053	drm-kmod.  For hardware older than 2013, however, some users will need
1054	to use drm-legacy-kmod if drm-kmod doesn't work for them. Hardware older
1055	than 2008 usually only works in drm-legacy-kmod. The graphics team can
1056	only commit to hardware made since 2013 due to the complexity of the
1057	market and difficulty to test all the older cards effectively. If you
1058	have hardware supported by drm-kmod, you are strongly encouraged to use
1059	that as you will get better support.
1060
1061	Other than KPI chasing, drm-legacy-kmod will not be updated. As outlined
1062	elsewhere, the drm and drm2 modules will be eliminated from the src base
1063	soon (with a limited exception for arm). Please update to the package
1064	asap and report any issues to [email protected].
1065
1066	Generally, anybody using the drm*-kmod packages should add
1067	WITHOUT_DRM_MODULE=t and WITHOUT_DRM2_MODULE=t to avoid nasty
1068	cross-threading surprises, especially with automatic driver
1069	loading from X11 startup. These will become the defaults in 13-current
1070	shortly.
1071
107220181012:
1073	The ixlv(4) driver has been renamed to iavf(4).  As a consequence,
1074	custom kernel and module loading configuration files must be updated
1075	accordingly.  Moreover, interfaces previous presented as ixlvN to the
1076	system are now exposed as iavfN and network configuration files must
1077	be adjusted as necessary.
1078
107920181009:
1080	OpenSSL has been updated to version 1.1.1.  This update included
1081	additional various API changes throughout the base system.  It is
1082	important to rebuild third-party software after upgrading.  The value
1083	of __FreeBSD_version has been bumped accordingly.
1084
108520181006:
1086	The legacy DRM modules and drivers have now been added to the loader's
1087	module blacklist, in favor of loading them with kld_list in rc.conf(5).
1088	The module blacklist may be overridden with the loader.conf(5)
1089	'module_blacklist' variable, but loading them via rc.conf(5) is strongly
1090	encouraged.
1091
109220181002:
1093	The cam(4) based nda(4) driver will be used over nvd(4) by default on
1094	powerpc64. You may set 'options NVME_USE_NVD=1' in your kernel conf or
1095	loader tunable 'hw.nvme.use_nvd=1' if you wish to use the existing
1096	driver.  Make sure to edit /boot/etc/kboot.conf and fstab to use the
1097	nda device name.
1098
109920180913:
1100	Reproducible build mode is now on by default, in preparation for
1101	FreeBSD 12.0.  This eliminates build metadata such as the user,
1102	host, and time from the kernel (and uname), unless the working tree
1103	corresponds to a modified checkout from a version control system.
1104	The previous behavior can be obtained by setting the /etc/src.conf
1105	knob WITHOUT_REPRODUCIBLE_BUILD.
1106
110720180826:
1108	The Yarrow CSPRNG has been removed from the kernel as it has not been
1109	supported by its designers since at least 2003. Fortuna has been the
1110	default since FreeBSD-11.
1111
111220180822:
1113	devctl freeze/thaw have gone into the tree, the rc scripts have been
1114	updated to use them and devmatch has been changed.  You should update
1115	kernel, userland and rc scripts all at the same time.
1116
111720180818:
1118	The default interpreter has been switched from 4th to Lua.
1119	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP, documented in build(7), will override the default
1120	interpreter.  If you have custom FORTH code you will need to set
1121	LOADER_DEFAULT_INTERP=4th (valid values are 4th, lua or simp) in
1122	src.conf for the build.  This will create default hard links between
1123	loader and loader_4th instead of loader and loader_lua, the new default.
1124	If you are using UEFI it will create the proper hard link to loader.efi.
1125
1126	bhyve uses userboot.so. It remains 4th-only until some issues are solved
1127	regarding coexisting with multiple versions of FreeBSD are resolved.
1128
112920180815:
1130	ls(1) now respects the COLORTERM environment variable used in other
1131	systems and software to indicate that a colored terminal is both
1132	supported and desired.  If ls(1) is suddenly emitting colors, they may
1133	be disabled again by either removing the unwanted COLORTERM from your
1134	environment, or using `ls --color=never`.  The ls(1) specific CLICOLOR
1135	may not be observed in a future release.
1136
113720180808:
1138	The default pager for most commands has been changed to "less".  To
1139	restore the old behavior, set PAGER="more" and MANPAGER="more -s" in
1140	your environment.
1141
114220180731:
1143	The jedec_ts(4) driver has been removed. A superset of its functionality
1144	is available in the jedec_dimm(4) driver, and the manpage for that
1145	driver includes migration instructions. If you have "device jedec_ts"
1146	in your kernel configuration file, it must be removed.
1147
114820180730:
1149	amd64/GENERIC now has EFI runtime services, EFIRT, enabled by default.
1150	This should have no effect if the kernel is booted via BIOS/legacy boot.
1151	EFIRT may be disabled via a loader tunable, efi.rt.disabled, if a system
1152	has a buggy firmware that prevents a successful boot due to use of
1153	runtime services.
1154
115520180727:
1156	Atmel AT91RM9200 and AT91SAM9, Cavium CNS 11xx and XScale
1157	support has been removed from the tree. These ports were
1158	obsolete and/or known to be broken for many years.
1159
116020180723:
1161	loader.efi has been augmented to participate more fully in the
1162	UEFI boot manager protocol. loader.efi will now look at the
1163	BootXXXX environment variable to determine if a specific kernel
1164	or root partition was specified. XXXX is derived from BootCurrent.
1165	efibootmgr(8) manages these standard UEFI variables.
1166
116720180720:
1168	zfsloader's functionality has now been folded into loader.
1169	zfsloader is no longer necessary once you've updated your
1170	boot blocks. For a transition period, we will install a
1171	hardlink for zfsloader to loader to allow a smooth transition
1172	until the boot blocks can be updated (hard link because old
1173	zfs boot blocks don't understand symlinks).
1174
117520180719:
1176	ARM64 now have efifb support, if you want to have serial console
1177	on your arm64 board when an screen is connected and the bootloader
1178	setup a frame buffer for us to use, just add :
1179	boot_serial=YES
1180	boot_multicons=YES
1181	in /boot/loader.conf
1182	For Raspberry Pi 3 (RPI) users, this is needed even if you don't have
1183	an screen connected as the firmware will setup a frame buffer are that
1184	u-boot will expose as an EFI frame buffer.
1185
118620180719:
1187	New uid:gid added, ntpd:ntpd (123:123).  Be sure to run mergemaster
1188	or take steps to update /etc/passwd before doing installworld on
1189	existing systems.  Do not skip the "mergemaster -Fp" step before
1190	installworld, as described in the update procedures near the bottom
1191	of this document.  Also, rc.d/ntpd now starts ntpd(8) as user ntpd
1192	if the new mac_ntpd(4) policy is available, unless ntpd_flags or
1193	the ntp config file contain options that change file/dir locations.
1194	When such options (e.g., "statsdir" or "crypto") are used, ntpd can
1195	still be run as non-root by setting ntpd_user=ntpd in rc.conf, after
1196	taking steps to ensure that all required files/dirs are accessible
1197	by the ntpd user.
1198
119920180717:
1200	Big endian arm support has been removed.
1201
120220180711:
1203	The static environment setup in kernel configs is no longer mutually
1204	exclusive with the loader(8) environment by default.  In order to
1205	restore the previous default behavior of disabling the loader(8)
1206	environment if a static environment is present, you must specify
1207	loader_env.disabled=1 in the static environment.
1208
120920180705:
1210	The ABI of syscalls used by management tools like sockstat and
1211	netstat has been broken to allow 32-bit binaries to work on
1212	64-bit kernels without modification.  These programs will need
1213	to match the kernel in order to function.  External programs may
1214	require minor modifications to accommodate a change of type in
1215	structures from pointers to 64-bit virtual addresses.
1216
121720180702:
1218	On i386 and amd64 atomics are now inlined. Out of tree modules using
1219	atomics will need to be rebuilt.
1220
122120180701:
1222	The '%I' format in the kern.corefile sysctl limits the number of
1223	core files that a process can generate to the number stored in the
1224	debug.ncores sysctl. The '%I' format is replaced by the single digit
1225	index. Previously, if all indexes were taken the kernel would overwrite
1226	only a core file with the highest index in a filename.
1227	Currently the system will create a new core file if there is a free
1228	index or if all slots are taken it will overwrite the oldest one.
1229
123020180630:
1231	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1232	6.0.1.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1233	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1234	or higher.
1235
123620180628:
1237	r335753 introduced a new quoting method. However, etc/devd/devmatch.conf
1238	needed to be changed to work with it. This change was made with r335763
1239	and requires a mergemaster / etcupdate / etc to update the installed
1240	file.
1241
124220180612:
1243	r334930 changed the interface between the NFS modules, so they all
1244	need to be rebuilt.  r335018 did a __FreeBSD_version bump for this.
1245
124620180530:
1247	As of r334391 lld is the default amd64 system linker; it is installed
1248	as /usr/bin/ld.  Kernel build workarounds (see 20180510 entry) are no
1249	longer necessary.
1250
125120180530:
1252	The kernel / userland interface for devinfo changed, so you'll
1253	need a new kernel and userland as a pair for it to work (rebuilding
1254	lib/libdevinfo is all that's required). devinfo and devmatch will
1255	not work, but everything else will when there's a mismatch.
1256
125720180523:
1258	The on-disk format for hwpmc callchain records has changed to include
1259	threadid corresponding to a given record. This changes the field offsets
1260	and thus requires that libpmcstat be rebuilt before using a kernel
1261	later than r334108.
1262
126320180517:
1264	The vxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was introduced into
1265	HEAD one week before the Exar left the Ethernet market and is not
1266	known to be used.  If you have device vxge in your kernel config file
1267	it must be removed.
1268
126920180510:
1270	The amd64 kernel now requires a ld that supports ifunc to produce a
1271	working kernel, either lld or a newer binutils. lld is built by default
1272	on amd64, and the 'buildkernel' target uses it automatically. However,
1273	it is not the default linker, so building the kernel the traditional
1274	way requires LD=ld.lld on the command line (or LD=/usr/local/bin/ld for
1275	binutils port/package). lld will soon be default, and this requirement
1276	will go away.
1277
1278	NOTE: As of r334391 lld is the default system linker on amd64, and no
1279	workaround is necessary.
1280
128120180508:
1282	The nxge(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for PCI-X 10g
1283	cards made by s2io/Neterion.  The company was acquired by Exar and
1284	no longer sells or supports Ethernet products.  If you have device
1285	nxge in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1286
128720180504:
1288	The tz database (tzdb) has been updated to 2018e.  This version more
1289	correctly models time stamps in time zones with negative DST such as
1290	Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), Europe/Prague (1946/7), and
1291	Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017).  This does not affect the UT offsets, only
1292	time zone abbreviations and the tm_isdst flag.
1293
129420180502:
1295	The ixgb(4) driver has been removed.  This driver was for an early and
1296	uncommon legacy PCI 10GbE for a single ASIC, Intel 82597EX. Intel
1297	quickly shifted to the long lived ixgbe family.  If you have device
1298	ixgb in your kernel config file it must be removed.
1299
130020180501:
1301	The lmc(4) driver has been removed.  This was a WAN interface
1302	card that was already reportedly rare in 2003, and had an ambiguous
1303	license.  If you have device lmc in your kernel config file it must
1304	be removed.
1305
130620180413:
1307	Support for Arcnet networks has been removed.  If you have device
1308	arcnet or device cm in your kernel config file they must be
1309	removed.
1310
131120180411:
1312	Support for FDDI networks has been removed.  If you have device
1313	fddi or device fpa in your kernel config file they must be
1314	removed.
1315
131620180406:
1317	In addition to supporting RFC 3164 formatted messages, the
1318	syslogd(8) service is now capable of parsing RFC 5424 formatted
1319	log messages. The main benefit of using RFC 5424 is that clients
1320	may now send log messages with timestamps containing year numbers,
1321	microseconds and time zone offsets.
1322
1323	Similarly, the syslog(3) C library function has been altered to
1324	send RFC 5424 formatted messages to the local system logging
1325	daemon. On systems using syslogd(8), this change should have no
1326	negative impact, as long as syslogd(8) and the C library are
1327	updated at the same time. On systems using a different system
1328	logging daemon, it may be necessary to make configuration
1329	adjustments, depending on the software used.
1330
1331	When using syslog-ng, add the 'syslog-protocol' flag to local
1332	input sources to enable parsing of RFC 5424 formatted messages:
1333
1334		source src {
1335			unix-dgram("/var/run/log" flags(syslog-protocol));
1336		}
1337
1338	When using rsyslog, disable the 'SysSock.UseSpecialParser' option
1339	of the 'imuxsock' module to let messages be processed by the
1340	regular RFC 3164/5424 parsing pipeline:
1341
1342		module(load="imuxsock" SysSock.UseSpecialParser="off")
1343
1344	Do note that these changes only affect communication between local
1345	applications and syslogd(8). The format that syslogd(8) uses to
1346	store messages on disk or forward messages to other systems
1347	remains unchanged. syslogd(8) still uses RFC 3164 for these
1348	purposes. Options to customize this behaviour will be added in the
1349	future. Utilities that process log files stored in /var/log are
1350	thus expected to continue to function as before.
1351
1352	__FreeBSD_version has been incremented to 1200061 to denote this
1353	change.
1354
135520180328:
1356	Support for token ring networks has been removed. If you
1357	have "device token" in your kernel config you should remove
1358	it. No device drivers supported token ring.
1359
136020180323:
1361	makefs was modified to be able to tag ISO9660 El Torito boot catalog
1362	entries as EFI instead of overloading the i386 tag as done previously.
1363	The amd64 mkisoimages.sh script used to build amd64 ISO images for
1364	release was updated to use this. This may mean that makefs must be
1365	updated before "make cdrom" can be run in the release directory. This
1366	should be as simple as:
1367
1368		$ cd $SRCDIR/usr.sbin/makefs
1369		$ make depend all install
1370
137120180212:
1372	FreeBSD boot loader enhanced with Lua scripting. It's purely opt-in for
1373	now by building WITH_LOADER_LUA and WITHOUT_FORTH in /etc/src.conf.
1374	Co-existence for the transition period will come shortly. Booting is a
1375	complex environment and test coverage for Lua-enabled loaders has been
1376	thin, so it would be prudent to assume it might not work and make
1377	provisions for backup boot methods.
1378
137920180211:
1380	devmatch functionality has been turned on in devd. It will automatically
1381	load drivers for unattached devices. This may cause unexpected drivers
1382	to be loaded. Please report any problems to current@ and
1383	[email protected].
1384
138520180114:
1386	Clang, llvm, lld, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to
1387	6.0.0.  Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about
1388	prerequisites and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0
1389	or higher.
1390
139120180110:
1392	LLVM's lld linker is now used as the FreeBSD/amd64 bootstrap linker.
1393	This means it is used to link the kernel and userland libraries and
1394	executables, but is not yet installed as /usr/bin/ld by default.
1395
1396	To revert to ld.bfd as the bootstrap linker, in /etc/src.conf set
1397	WITHOUT_LLD_BOOTSTRAP=yes
1398
139920180110:
1400	On i386, pmtimer has been removed. Its functionality has been folded
1401	into apm. It was a no-op on ACPI in current for a while now (but was
1402	still needed on i386 in FreeBSD 11 and earlier). Users may need to
1403	remove it from kernel config files.
1404
140520180104:
1406	The use of RSS hash from the network card aka flowid has been
1407	disabled by default for lagg(4) as it's currently incompatible with
1408	the lacp and loadbalance protocols.
1409
1410	This can be re-enabled by setting the following in loader.conf:
1411	net.link.lagg.default_use_flowid="1"
1412
141320180102:
1414	The SW_WATCHDOG option is no longer necessary to enable the
1415	hardclock-based software watchdog if no hardware watchdog is
1416	configured. As before, SW_WATCHDOG will cause the software
1417	watchdog to be enabled even if a hardware watchdog is configured.
1418
141920171215:
1420	r326887 fixes the issue described in the 20171214 UPDATING entry.
1421	r326888 flips the switch back to building GELI support always.
1422
142320171214:
1424	r362593 broke ZFS + GELI support for reasons unknown. However,
1425	it also broke ZFS support generally, so GELI has been turned off
1426	by default as the lesser evil in r326857. If you boot off ZFS and/or
1427	GELI, it might not be a good time to update.
1428
142920171125:
1430	PowerPC users must update loader(8) by rebuilding world before
1431	installing a new kernel, as the protocol connecting them has
1432	changed. Without the update, loader metadata will not be passed
1433	successfully to the kernel and users will have to enter their
1434	root partition at the kernel mountroot prompt to continue booting.
1435	Newer versions of loader can boot old kernels without issue.
1436
143720171110:
1438	The LOADER_FIREWIRE_SUPPORT build variable has been renamed to
1439	WITH/OUT_LOADER_FIREWIRE. LOADER_{NO_,}GELI_SUPPORT has been renamed
1440	to WITH/OUT_LOADER_GELI.
1441
144220171106:
1443	The naive and non-compliant support of posix_fallocate(2) in ZFS
1444	has been removed as of r325320.  The system call now returns EINVAL
1445	when used on a ZFS file.  Although the new behavior complies with the
1446	standard, some consumers are not prepared to cope with it.
1447	One known victim is lld prior to r325420.
1448
144920171102:
1450	Building in a FreeBSD src checkout will automatically create object
1451	directories now rather than store files in the current directory if
1452	'make obj' was not ran.  Calling 'make obj' is no longer necessary.
1453	This feature can be disabled by setting WITHOUT_AUTO_OBJ=yes in
1454	/etc/src-env.conf (not /etc/src.conf), or passing the option in the
1455	environment.
1456
145720171101:
1458	The default MAKEOBJDIR has changed from /usr/obj/<srcdir> for native
1459	builds, and /usr/obj/<arch>/<srcdir> for cross-builds, to a unified
1460	/usr/obj/<srcdir>/<arch>.  This behavior can be changed to the old
1461	format by setting WITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR=yes in /etc/src-env.conf,
1462	the environment, or with -DWITHOUT_UNIFIED_OBJDIR when building.
1463	The UNIFIED_OBJDIR option is a transitional feature that will be
1464	removed for 12.0 release; please migrate to the new format for any
1465	tools by looking up the OBJDIR used by 'make -V .OBJDIR' means rather
1466	than hardcoding paths.
1467
146820171028:
1469	The native-xtools target no longer installs the files by default to the
1470	OBJDIR.  Use the native-xtools-install target with a DESTDIR to install
1471	to ${DESTDIR}/${NXTP} where NXTP defaults to /nxb-bin.
1472
147320171021:
1474	As part of the boot loader infrastructure cleanup, LOADER_*_SUPPORT
1475	options are changing from controlling the build if defined / undefined
1476	to controlling the build with explicit 'yes' or 'no' values. They will
1477	shift to WITH/WITHOUT options to match other options in the system.
1478
147920171010:
1480	libstand has turned into a private library for sys/boot use only.
1481	It is no longer supported as a public interface outside of sys/boot.
1482
148320171005:
1484	The arm port has split armv6 into armv6 and armv7. armv7 is now
1485	a valid TARGET_ARCH/MACHINE_ARCH setting. If you have an armv7 system
1486	and are running a kernel from before r324363, you will need to add
1487	MACHINE_ARCH=armv7 to 'make buildworld' to do a native build.
1488
148920171003:
1490	When building multiple kernels using KERNCONF, non-existent KERNCONF
1491	files will produce an error and buildkernel will fail. Previously
1492	missing KERNCONF files silently failed giving no indication as to
1493	why, only to subsequently discover during installkernel that the
1494	desired kernel was never built in the first place.
1495
149620170912:
1497	The default serial number format for CTL LUNs has changed.  This will
1498	affect users who use /dev/diskid/* device nodes, or whose FibreChannel
1499	or iSCSI clients care about their LUNs' serial numbers.  Users who
1500	require serial number stability should hardcode serial numbers in
1501	/etc/ctl.conf .
1502
150320170912:
1504	For 32-bit arm compiled for hard-float support, soft-floating point
1505	binaries now always get their shared libraries from
1506	LD_SOFT_LIBRARY_PATH (in the past, this was only used if
1507	/usr/libsoft also existed). Only users with a hard-float ld.so, but
1508	soft-float everything else should be affected.
1509
151020170826:
1511	The geli password typed at boot is now hidden.  To restore the previous
1512	behavior, see geli(8) for configuration options.
1513
151420170825:
1515	Move PMTUD blackhole counters to TCPSTATS and remove them from bare
1516	sysctl values.  Minor nit, but requires a rebuild of both world/kernel
1517	to complete.
1518
151920170814:
1520	"make check" behavior (made in ^/head@r295380) has been changed to
1521	execute from a limited sandbox, as opposed to executing from
1522	${TESTSDIR}.
1523
1524	Behavioral changes:
1525	- The "beforecheck" and "aftercheck" targets are now specified.
1526	- ${CHECKDIR} (added in commit noted above) has been removed.
1527	- Legacy behavior can be enabled by setting
1528	  WITHOUT_MAKE_CHECK_USE_SANDBOX in src.conf(5) or the environment.
1529
1530	If the limited sandbox mode is enabled, "make check" will execute
1531	"make distribution", then install, execute the tests, and clean up the
1532	sandbox if successful.
1533
1534	The "make distribution" and "make install" targets are typically run as
1535	root to set appropriate permissions and ownership at installation time.
1536	The end-user should set "WITH_INSTALL_AS_USER" in src.conf(5) or the
1537	environment if executing "make check" with limited sandbox mode using
1538	an unprivileged user.
1539
154020170808:
1541	Since the switch to GPT disk labels, fsck for UFS/FFS has been
1542	unable to automatically find alternate superblocks. As of r322297,
1543	the information needed to find alternate superblocks has been
1544	moved to the end of the area reserved for the boot block.
1545	Filesystems created with a newfs of this vintage or later
1546	will create the recovery information. If you have a filesystem
1547	created prior to this change and wish to have a recovery block
1548	created for your filesystem, you can do so by running fsck in
1549	foreground mode (i.e., do not use the -p or -y options). As it
1550	starts, fsck will ask ``SAVE DATA TO FIND ALTERNATE SUPERBLOCKS''
1551	to which you should answer yes.
1552
155320170728:
1554	As of r321665, an NFSv4 server configuration that services
1555	Kerberos mounts or clients that do not support the uid/gid in
1556	owner/owner_group string capability, must explicitly enable
1557	the nfsuserd daemon by adding nfsuserd_enable="YES" to the
1558	machine's /etc/rc.conf file.
1559
156020170722:
1561	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 5.0.0.
1562	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1563	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1564
156520170701:
1566	WITHOUT_RCMDS is now the default. Set WITH_RCMDS if you need the
1567	r-commands (rlogin, rsh, etc.) to be built with the base system.
1568
156920170625:
1570	The FreeBSD/powerpc platform now uses a 64-bit type for time_t.  This is
1571	a very major ABI incompatible change, so users of FreeBSD/powerpc must
1572	be careful when performing source upgrades.  It is best to run
1573	'make installworld' from an alternate root system, either a live
1574	CD/memory stick, or a temporary root partition.  Additionally, all ports
1575	must be recompiled.  powerpc64 is largely unaffected, except in the case
1576	of 32-bit compatibility.  All 32-bit binaries will be affected.
1577
157820170623:
1579	Forward compatibility for the "ino64" project have been committed. This
1580	will allow most new binaries to run on older kernels in a limited
1581	fashion.  This prevents many of the common foot-shooting actions in the
1582	upgrade as well as the limited ability to roll back the kernel across
1583	the ino64 upgrade. Complicated use cases may not work properly, though
1584	enough simpler ones work to allow recovery in most situations.
1585
158620170620:
1587	Switch back to the BSDL dtc (Device Tree Compiler). Set WITH_GPL_DTC
1588	if you require the GPL compiler.
1589
159020170618:
1591	The internal ABI used for communication between the NFS kernel modules
1592	was changed by r320085, so __FreeBSD_version was bumped to
1593	ensure all the NFS related modules are updated together.
1594
159520170617:
1596	The ABI of struct event was changed by extending the data
1597	member to 64bit and adding ext fields.  For upgrade, same
1598	precautions as for the entry 20170523 "ino64" must be
1599	followed.
1600
160120170531:
1602	The GNU roff toolchain has been removed from base. To render manpages
1603	which are not supported by mandoc(1), man(1) can fallback on GNU roff
1604	from ports (and recommends to install it).
1605	To render roff(7) documents, consider using GNU roff from ports or the
1606	heirloom doctools roff toolchain from ports via pkg install groff or
1607	via pkg install heirloom-doctools.
1608
160920170524:
1610	The ath(4) and ath_hal(4) modules now build piecemeal to allow for
1611	smaller runtime footprint builds.  This is useful for embedded systems
1612	which only require one chipset support.
1613
1614	If you load it as a module, make sure this is in /boot/loader.conf:
1615
1616	if_ath_load="YES"
1617
1618	This will load the HAL, all chip/RF backends and if_ath_pci.
1619	If you have if_ath_pci in /boot/loader.conf, ensure it is after
1620	if_ath or it will not load any HAL chipset support.
1621
1622	If you want to selectively load things (eg on cheaper ARM/MIPS
1623	platforms where RAM is at a premium) you should:
1624
1625	* load ath_hal
1626	* load the chip modules in question
1627	* load ath_rate, ath_dfs
1628	* load ath_main
1629	* load if_ath_pci and/or if_ath_ahb depending upon your particular
1630	  bus bind type - this is where probe/attach is done.
1631
1632	For further comments/feedback, poke adrian@ .
1633
163420170523:
1635	The "ino64" 64-bit inode project has been committed, which extends
1636	a number of types to 64 bits.  Upgrading in place requires care and
1637	adherence to the documented upgrade procedure.
1638
1639	If using a custom kernel configuration ensure that the
1640	COMPAT_FREEBSD11 option is included (as during the upgrade the
1641	system will be running the ino64 kernel with the existing world).
1642
1643	For the safest in-place upgrade begin by removing previous build
1644	artifacts via "rm -rf /usr/obj/*".  Then, carefully follow the full
1645	procedure documented below under the heading "To rebuild everything and
1646	install it on the current system."  Specifically, a reboot is required
1647	after installing the new kernel before installing world. While an
1648	installworld normally works by accident from multiuser after rebooting
1649	the proper kernel, there are many cases where this will fail across this
1650	upgrade and installworld from single user is required.
1651
165220170424:
1653	The NATM framework including the en(4), fatm(4), hatm(4), and
1654	patm(4) devices has been removed.  Consumers should plan a
1655	migration before the end-of-life date for FreeBSD 11.
1656
165720170420:
1658	GNU diff has been replaced by a BSD licensed diff. Some features of GNU
1659	diff has not been implemented, if those are needed a newer version of
1660	GNU diff is available via the diffutils package under the gdiff name.
1661
166220170413:
1663	As of r316810 for ipfilter, keep frags is no longer assumed when
1664	keep state is specified in a rule. r316810 aligns ipfilter with
1665	documentation in man pages separating keep frags from keep state.
1666	This allows keep state to be specified without forcing keep frags
1667	and allows keep frags to be specified independently of keep state.
1668	To maintain previous behaviour, also specify keep frags with
1669	keep state (as documented in ipf.conf.5).
1670
167120170407:
1672	arm64 builds now use the base system LLD 4.0.0 linker by default,
1673	instead of requiring that the aarch64-binutils port or package be
1674	installed. To continue using aarch64-binutils, set
1675	CROSS_BINUTILS_PREFIX=/usr/local/aarch64-freebsd/bin .
1676
167720170405:
1678	The UDP optimization in entry 20160818 that added the sysctl
1679	net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast has been reverted.  L2 broadcast
1680	packets will no longer be treated as L3 broadcast packets.
1681
168220170331:
1683	Binds and sends to the loopback addresses, IPv6 and IPv4, will now
1684	use any explicitly assigned loopback address available in the jail
1685	instead of using the first assigned address of the jail.
1686
168720170329:
1688	The ctl.ko module no longer implements the iSCSI target frontend:
1689	cfiscsi.ko does instead.
1690
1691	If building cfiscsi.ko as a kernel module, the module can be loaded
1692	via one of the following methods:
1693	- `cfiscsi_load="YES"` in loader.conf(5).
1694	- Add `cfiscsi` to `$kld_list` in rc.conf(5).
1695	- ctladm(8)/ctld(8), when compiled with iSCSI support
1696	  (`WITH_ISCSI=yes` in src.conf(5))
1697
1698	Please see cfiscsi(4) for more details.
1699
170020170316:
1701	The mmcsd.ko module now additionally depends on geom_flashmap.ko.
1702	Also, mmc.ko and mmcsd.ko need to be a matching pair built from the
1703	same source (previously, the dependency of mmcsd.ko on mmc.ko was
1704	missing, but mmcsd.ko now will refuse to load if it is incompatible
1705	with mmc.ko).
1706
170720170315:
1708	The syntax of ipfw(8) named states was changed to avoid ambiguity.
1709	If you have used named states in the firewall rules, you need to modify
1710	them after installworld and before rebooting. Now named states must
1711	be prefixed with colon.
1712
171320170311:
1714	The old drm (sys/dev/drm/) drivers for i915 and radeon have been
1715	removed as the userland we provide cannot use them. The KMS version
1716	(sys/dev/drm2) supports the same hardware.
1717
171820170302:
1719	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 4.0.0.
1720	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1721	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1722
172320170221:
1724	The code that provides support for ZFS .zfs/ directory functionality
1725	has been reimplemented.  It's not possible now to create a snapshot
1726	by mkdir under .zfs/snapshot/.  That should be the only user visible
1727	change.
1728
172920170216:
1730	EISA bus support has been removed. The WITH_EISA option is no longer
1731	valid.
1732
173320170215:
1734	MCA bus support has been removed.
1735
173620170127:
1737	The WITH_LLD_AS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_AS_LD build knobs have been renamed
1738	WITH_LLD_IS_LD / WITHOUT_LLD_IS_LD, for consistency with CLANG_IS_CC.
1739
174020170112:
1741	The EM_MULTIQUEUE kernel configuration option is deprecated now that
1742	the em(4) driver conforms to iflib specifications.
1743
174420170109:
1745	The igb(4), em(4) and lem(4) ethernet drivers are now implemented via
1746	IFLIB.  If you have a custom kernel configuration that excludes em(4)
1747	but you use igb(4), you need to re-add em(4) to your custom
1748	configuration.
1749
175020161217:
1751	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.1.
1752	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1753	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1754
175520161124:
1756	Clang, llvm, lldb, compiler-rt and libc++ have been upgraded to 3.9.0.
1757	Please see the 20141231 entry below for information about prerequisites
1758	and upgrading, if you are not already using clang 3.5.0 or higher.
1759
176020161119:
1761	The layout of the pmap structure has changed for powerpc to put the pmap
1762	statistics at the front for all CPU variations.  libkvm(3) and all tools
1763	that link against it need to be recompiled.
1764
176520161030:
1766	isl(4) and cyapa(4) drivers now require a new driver,
1767	chromebook_platform(4), to work properly on Chromebook-class hardware.
1768	On other types of hardware the drivers may need to be configured using
1769	device hints.  Please see the corresponding manual pages for details.
1770
177120161017:
1772	The urtwn(4) driver was merged into rtwn(4) and now consists of
1773	rtwn(4) main module + rtwn_usb(4) and rtwn_pci(4) bus-specific
1774	parts.
1775	Also, firmware for RTL8188CE was renamed due to possible name
1776	conflict (rtwnrtl8192cU(B) -> rtwnrtl8192cE(B))
1777
177820161015:
1779	GNU rcs has been removed from base.  It is available as packages:
1780	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1781	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) before it was
1782	removed from base.
1783
178420161008:
1785	Use of the cc_cdg, cc_chd, cc_hd, or cc_vegas congestion control
1786	modules now requires that the kernel configuration contain the
1787	TCP_HHOOK option. (This option is included in the GENERIC kernel.)
1788
178920161003:
1790	The WITHOUT_ELFCOPY_AS_OBJCOPY src.conf(5) knob has been retired.
1791	ELF Tool Chain's elfcopy is always installed as /usr/bin/objcopy.
1792
179320160924:
1794	Relocatable object files with the extension of .So have been renamed
1795	to use an extension of .pico instead.  The purpose of this change is
1796	to avoid a name clash with shared libraries on case-insensitive file
1797	systems.  On those file systems, foo.So is the same file as foo.so.
1798
179920160918:
1800	GNU rcs has been turned off by default.  It can (temporarily) be built
1801	again by adding WITH_RCS knob in src.conf.
1802	Otherwise, GNU rcs is available from packages:
1803	- rcs: Latest GPLv3 GNU rcs version.
1804	- rcs57: Copy of the latest version of GNU rcs (GPLv2) from base.
1805
180620160918:
1807	The backup_uses_rcs functionality has been removed from rc.subr.
1808
180920160908:
1810	The queue(3) debugging macro, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG, has been split into
1811	two separate components, QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRACE and
1812	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG_TRASH.  Define both for the original
1813	QUEUE_MACRO_DEBUG behavior.
1814
181520160824:
1816	r304787 changed some ioctl interfaces between the iSCSI userspace
1817	programs and the kernel.  ctladm, ctld, iscsictl, and iscsid must be
1818	rebuilt to work with new kernels.  __FreeBSD_version has been bumped
1819	to 1200005.
1820
182120160818:
1822	The UDP receive code has been updated to only treat incoming UDP
1823	packets that were addressed to an L2 broadcast address as L3
1824	broadcast packets.  It is not expected that this will affect any
1825	standards-conforming UDP application.  The new behaviour can be
1826	disabled by setting the sysctl net.inet.udp.require_l2_bcast to
1827	0.
1828
182920160818:
1830	Remove the openbsd_poll system call.
1831	__FreeBSD_version has been bumped because of this.
1832
183320160708:
1834	The stable/11 branch has been created from head@r302406.
1835
1836After branch N is created, entries older than the N-2 branch point are removed
1837from this file. After stable/14 is branched and current becomes FreeBSD 15,
1838entries older than stable/12 branch point will be removed from current's
1839UPDATING file.
1840
1841COMMON ITEMS:
1842
1843	General Notes
1844	-------------
1845	Sometimes, obscure build problems are the result of environment
1846	poisoning.  This can happen because the make utility reads its
1847	environment when searching for values for global variables.  To run
1848	your build attempts in an "environmental clean room", prefix all make
1849	commands with 'env -i '.  See the env(1) manual page for more details.
1850	Occasionally a build failure will occur with "make -j" due to a race
1851	condition.  If this happens try building again without -j, and please
1852	report a bug if it happens consistently.
1853
1854	When upgrading from one major version to another it is generally best to
1855	upgrade to the latest code in the currently installed branch first, then
1856	do an upgrade to the new branch. This is the best-tested upgrade path,
1857	and has the highest probability of being successful.  Please try this
1858	approach if you encounter problems with a major version upgrade.  Since
1859	the stable 4.x branch point, one has generally been able to upgrade from
1860	anywhere in the most recent stable branch to head / current (or even the
1861	last couple of stable branches). See the top of this file when there's
1862	an exception.
1863
1864	The update process will emit an error on an attempt to perform a build
1865	or install from a FreeBSD version below the earliest supported version.
1866	When updating from an older version the update should be performed one
1867	major release at a time, including running `make delete-old` at each
1868	step.
1869
1870	When upgrading a live system, having a root shell around before
1871	installing anything can help undo problems. Not having a root shell
1872	around can lead to problems if pam has changed too much from your
1873	starting point to allow continued authentication after the upgrade.
1874
1875	This file should be read as a log of events. When a later event changes
1876	information of a prior event, the prior event should not be deleted.
1877	Instead, a pointer to the entry with the new information should be
1878	placed in the old entry. Readers of this file should also sanity check
1879	older entries before relying on them blindly. Authors of new entries
1880	should write them with this in mind.
1881
1882	ZFS notes
1883	---------
1884	When upgrading the boot ZFS pool to a new version (via zpool upgrade),
1885	always follow these three steps:
1886
1887	1) recompile and reinstall the ZFS boot loader and boot block
1888	(this is part of "make buildworld" and "make installworld")
1889
1890	2) update the ZFS boot block on your boot drive (only required when
1891	doing a zpool upgrade):
1892
1893	When booting on x86 via BIOS, use the following to update the ZFS boot
1894	block on the freebsd-boot partition of a GPT partitioned drive ada0:
1895		gpart bootcode -p /boot/gptzfsboot -i $N ada0
1896	The value $N will typically be 1.  For EFI booting, see EFI notes.
1897
1898	3) zpool upgrade the root pool. New bootblocks will work with old
1899	pools, but not vice versa, so they need to be updated before any
1900	zpool upgrade.
1901
1902	Non-boot pools do not need these updates.
1903
1904	EFI notes
1905	---------
1906
1907	There are two locations the boot loader can be installed into. The
1908	current location (and the default) is \efi\freebsd\loader.efi and using
1909	efibootmgr(8) to configure it. The old location, that must be used on
1910	deficient systems that don't honor efibootmgr(8) protocols, is the
1911	fallback location of \EFI\BOOT\BOOTxxx.EFI. Generally, you will copy
1912	/boot/loader.efi to this location, but on systems installed a long time
1913	ago the ESP may be too small and /boot/boot1.efi may be needed unless
1914	the ESP has been expanded in the meantime.
1915
1916	Recent systems will have the ESP mounted on /boot/efi, but older ones
1917	may not have it mounted at all, or mounted in a different
1918	location. Older arm SD images with MBR used /boot/msdos as the
1919	mountpoint. The ESP is a MSDOS filesystem.
1920
1921	The EFI boot loader rarely needs to be updated. For ZFS booting,
1922	however, you must update loader.efi before you do 'zpool upgrade' the
1923	root zpool, otherwise the old loader.efi may reject the upgraded zpool
1924	since it does not automatically understand some new features.
1925
1926	See loader.efi(8) and uefi(8) for more details.
1927
1928	To build a kernel
1929	-----------------
1930	If you are updating from a prior version of FreeBSD (even one just
1931	a few days old), you should follow this procedure.  It is the most
1932	failsafe as it uses a /usr/obj tree with a fresh mini-buildworld,
1933
1934	make kernel-toolchain
1935	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1936	make -DALWAYS_CHECK_MAKE installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1937
1938	If you are running kernel modules from ports, see FOOTNOTE [1].
1939
1940	To test a kernel once
1941	---------------------
1942	If you just want to boot a kernel once (because you are not sure
1943	if it works, or if you want to boot a known bad kernel to provide
1944	debugging information) run
1945	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE KODIR=/boot/testkernel
1946	nextboot -k testkernel
1947
1948	To rebuild everything and install it on the current system.
1949	-----------------------------------------------------------
1950	# Note: sometimes if you are running current you gotta do more than
1951	# is listed here if you are upgrading from a really old current.
1952
1953	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1954	make buildworld
1955	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE
1956	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
1957	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1958	etcupdate -p					[5]
1959	make installworld
1960	etcupdate -B					[4]
1961	make delete-old					[6]
1962	<reboot>
1963
1964	To cross-install current onto a separate partition
1965	--------------------------------------------------
1966	# In this approach we use a separate partition to hold
1967	# current's root, 'usr', and 'var' directories.   A partition
1968	# holding "/", "/usr" and "/var" should be about 2GB in
1969	# size.
1970
1971	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1972	<boot into -stable>
1973	make buildworld
1974	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
1975	<maybe newfs current's root partition>
1976	<mount current's root partition on directory ${CURRENT_ROOT}>
1977	make installworld DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} -DDB_FROM_SRC
1978	make distribution DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT} # if newfs'd
1979	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE DESTDIR=${CURRENT_ROOT}
1980	cp /etc/fstab ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab 		   # if newfs'd
1981	<edit ${CURRENT_ROOT}/etc/fstab to mount "/" from the correct partition>
1982	<reboot into current>
1983	<do a "native" rebuild/install as described in the previous section>
1984	<maybe install compatibility libraries from ports/misc/compat*>
1985	<reboot>
1986
1987
1988	To upgrade in-place from stable to current
1989	----------------------------------------------
1990	<make sure you have good level 0 dumps>
1991	make buildworld					[9]
1992	make buildkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[8]
1993	make installkernel KERNCONF=YOUR_KERNEL_HERE	[1]
1994	<reboot in single user>				[3]
1995	etcupdate -p					[5]
1996	make installworld
1997	etcupdate -B					[4]
1998	make delete-old					[6]
1999	<reboot>
2000
2001	Make sure that you've read the UPDATING file to understand the
2002	tweaks to various things you need.  At this point in the life
2003	cycle of current, things change often and you are on your own
2004	to cope.  The defaults can also change, so please read ALL of
2005	the UPDATING entries.
2006
2007	Also, if you are tracking -current, you must be subscribed to
2008	[email protected].  Make sure that before you update
2009	your sources that you have read and understood all the recent
2010	messages there.  If in doubt, please track -stable which has
2011	much fewer pitfalls.
2012
2013FOOTNOTES:
2014
2015	[1] If you have third party modules, such as drm-kmod or vmware, you
2016	should disable them at this point so they don't crash your system on
2017	reboot. Alternatively, you should rebuild all the modules you have in
2018	your system and install them as well.  If you are running -current, you
2019	should seriously consider placing all sources to all the modules for
2020	your system (or symlinks to them) in /usr/local/sys/modules so this
2021	happens automatically. If all your modules come from ports, then adding
2022	the port origin directories to PORTS_MODULES instead is also automatic
2023	and effective, eg:
2024	     PORTS_MODULES+=x11/nvidia-driver
2025
2026	[3] From the bootblocks, boot -s, and then do
2027		fsck -p
2028		mount -u /
2029		mount -a
2030		sh /etc/rc.d/zfs start	# mount zfs filesystem, if needed
2031		cd src			# full path to source
2032		adjkerntz -i		# if CMOS is wall time
2033	Also, when doing a major release upgrade, it is required that you boot
2034	into single user mode to do the installworld.
2035
2036	[4] Note: This step is non-optional.  Failure to do this step
2037	can result in a significant reduction in the functionality of the
2038	system.  Attempting to do it by hand is not recommended and those
2039	that pursue this avenue should read this file carefully, as well
2040	as the archives of freebsd-current and freebsd-hackers mailing lists
2041	for potential gotchas.  See etcupdate(8) for more information.
2042
2043	[5] Usually this step is a no-op.  However, from time to time
2044	you may need to do this if you get unknown user in the following
2045	step.
2046
2047	[6] This only deletes old files and directories. Old libraries
2048	can be deleted by "make delete-old-libs", but you have to make
2049	sure that no program is using those libraries anymore.
2050
2051	[8] The new kernel must be able to run existing binaries used by an
2052	installworld.  When upgrading across major versions, the new kernel's
2053	configuration must include the correct COMPAT_FREEBSD<n> option for
2054	existing binaries (e.g. COMPAT_FREEBSD11 to run 11.x binaries).  Failure
2055	to do so may leave you with a system that is hard to boot to recover. A
2056	GENERIC kernel will include suitable compatibility options to run
2057	binaries from older branches.  Note that the ability to run binaries
2058	from unsupported branches is not guaranteed.
2059
2060	Make sure that you merge any new devices from GENERIC since the
2061	last time you updated your kernel config file. Options also
2062	change over time, so you may need to adjust your custom kernels
2063	for these as well.
2064
2065	[9] If CPUTYPE is defined in your /etc/make.conf, make sure to use the
2066	"?=" instead of the "=" assignment operator, so that buildworld can
2067	override the CPUTYPE if it needs to.
2068
2069	MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX must be defined in an environment variable, and
2070	not on the command line, or in /etc/make.conf.  buildworld will
2071	warn if it is improperly defined.
2072FORMAT:
2073
2074This file contains a list, in reverse chronological order, of major
2075breakages in tracking -current.  It is not guaranteed to be a complete
2076list of such breakages, and only contains entries since September 23, 2011.
2077If you need to see UPDATING entries from before that date, you will need
2078to fetch an UPDATING file from an older FreeBSD release.
2079
2080Copyright information:
2081
2082Copyright 1998-2009 M. Warner Losh <[email protected]>
2083
2084Redistribution, publication, translation and use, with or without
2085modification, in full or in part, in any form or format of this
2086document are permitted without further permission from the author.
2087
2088THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED BY WARNER LOSH ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
2089IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
2090WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
2091DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL WARNER LOSH BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
2092INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
2093(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
2094SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
2095HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
2096STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
2097IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
2098POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
2099
2100Contact Warner Losh if you have any questions about your use of
2101this document.
2102