1// -*- C++ -*-
2//===-------------------------- algorithm ---------------------------------===//
3//
4//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
5//
6// This file is dual licensed under the MIT and the University of Illinois Open
7// Source Licenses. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
8//
9//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
10
11#ifndef _LIBCPP_ALGORITHM
12#define _LIBCPP_ALGORITHM
13
14/*
15    algorithm synopsis
16
17#include <initializer_list>
18
19namespace std
20{
21
22template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
23    bool
24    all_of(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
25
26template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
27    bool
28    any_of(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
29
30template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
31    bool
32    none_of(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
33
34template <class InputIterator, class Function>
35    Function
36    for_each(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Function f);
37
38template<class InputIterator, class Size, class Function>
39    InputIterator for_each_n(InputIterator first, Size n, Function f); // C++17
40
41template <class InputIterator, class T>
42    InputIterator
43    find(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& value);
44
45template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
46    InputIterator
47    find_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
48
49template<class InputIterator, class Predicate>
50    InputIterator
51    find_if_not(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
52
53template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
54    ForwardIterator1
55    find_end(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
56             ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2);
57
58template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
59    ForwardIterator1
60    find_end(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
61             ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2, BinaryPredicate pred);
62
63template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
64    ForwardIterator1
65    find_first_of(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
66                  ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2);
67
68template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
69    ForwardIterator1
70    find_first_of(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
71                  ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2, BinaryPredicate pred);
72
73template <class ForwardIterator>
74    ForwardIterator
75    adjacent_find(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
76
77template <class ForwardIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
78    ForwardIterator
79    adjacent_find(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred);
80
81template <class InputIterator, class T>
82    typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
83    count(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, const T& value);
84
85template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
86    typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
87    count_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
88
89template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
90    pair<InputIterator1, InputIterator2>
91    mismatch(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2);
92
93template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
94    pair<InputIterator1, InputIterator2>
95    mismatch(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
96             InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2); // **C++14**
97
98template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
99    pair<InputIterator1, InputIterator2>
100    mismatch(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
101             InputIterator2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred);
102
103template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
104    pair<InputIterator1, InputIterator2>
105    mismatch(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
106             InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
107             BinaryPredicate pred); // **C++14**
108
109template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
110    bool
111    equal(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2);
112
113template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
114    bool
115    equal(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
116          InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2); // **C++14**
117
118template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
119    bool
120    equal(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
121          InputIterator2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred);
122
123template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
124    bool
125    equal(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
126          InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2,
127          BinaryPredicate pred); // **C++14**
128
129template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
130    bool
131    is_permutation(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
132                   ForwardIterator2 first2);
133
134template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
135    bool
136    is_permutation(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
137                   ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2); // **C++14**
138
139template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
140    bool
141    is_permutation(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
142                   ForwardIterator2 first2, BinaryPredicate pred);
143
144template<class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
145    bool
146    is_permutation(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
147                   ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2,
148                   BinaryPredicate pred);  // **C++14**
149
150template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
151    ForwardIterator1
152    search(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
153           ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2);
154
155template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2, class BinaryPredicate>
156    ForwardIterator1
157    search(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1,
158           ForwardIterator2 first2, ForwardIterator2 last2, BinaryPredicate pred);
159
160template <class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T>
161    ForwardIterator
162    search_n(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Size count, const T& value);
163
164template <class ForwardIterator, class Size, class T, class BinaryPredicate>
165    ForwardIterator
166    search_n(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last,
167             Size count, const T& value, BinaryPredicate pred);
168
169template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
170    OutputIterator
171    copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result);
172
173template<class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class Predicate>
174    OutputIterator
175    copy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
176            OutputIterator result, Predicate pred);
177
178template<class InputIterator, class Size, class OutputIterator>
179    OutputIterator
180    copy_n(InputIterator first, Size n, OutputIterator result);
181
182template <class BidirectionalIterator1, class BidirectionalIterator2>
183    BidirectionalIterator2
184    copy_backward(BidirectionalIterator1 first, BidirectionalIterator1 last,
185                  BidirectionalIterator2 result);
186
187template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
188    ForwardIterator2
189    swap_ranges(ForwardIterator1 first1, ForwardIterator1 last1, ForwardIterator2 first2);
190
191template <class ForwardIterator1, class ForwardIterator2>
192    void
193    iter_swap(ForwardIterator1 a, ForwardIterator2 b);
194
195template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class UnaryOperation>
196    OutputIterator
197    transform(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, UnaryOperation op);
198
199template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class BinaryOperation>
200    OutputIterator
201    transform(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2,
202              OutputIterator result, BinaryOperation binary_op);
203
204template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
205    void
206    replace(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
207
208template <class ForwardIterator, class Predicate, class T>
209    void
210    replace_if(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred, const T& new_value);
211
212template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class T>
213    OutputIterator
214    replace_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result,
215                 const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
216
217template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class Predicate, class T>
218    OutputIterator
219    replace_copy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, Predicate pred, const T& new_value);
220
221template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
222    void
223    fill(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
224
225template <class OutputIterator, class Size, class T>
226    OutputIterator
227    fill_n(OutputIterator first, Size n, const T& value);
228
229template <class ForwardIterator, class Generator>
230    void
231    generate(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Generator gen);
232
233template <class OutputIterator, class Size, class Generator>
234    OutputIterator
235    generate_n(OutputIterator first, Size n, Generator gen);
236
237template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
238    ForwardIterator
239    remove(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
240
241template <class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
242    ForwardIterator
243    remove_if(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred);
244
245template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class T>
246    OutputIterator
247    remove_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, const T& value);
248
249template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class Predicate>
250    OutputIterator
251    remove_copy_if(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, Predicate pred);
252
253template <class ForwardIterator>
254    ForwardIterator
255    unique(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
256
257template <class ForwardIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
258    ForwardIterator
259    unique(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred);
260
261template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator>
262    OutputIterator
263    unique_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result);
264
265template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator, class BinaryPredicate>
266    OutputIterator
267    unique_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, OutputIterator result, BinaryPredicate pred);
268
269template <class BidirectionalIterator>
270    void
271    reverse(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last);
272
273template <class BidirectionalIterator, class OutputIterator>
274    OutputIterator
275    reverse_copy(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last, OutputIterator result);
276
277template <class ForwardIterator>
278    ForwardIterator
279    rotate(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator middle, ForwardIterator last);
280
281template <class ForwardIterator, class OutputIterator>
282    OutputIterator
283    rotate_copy(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator middle, ForwardIterator last, OutputIterator result);
284
285template <class RandomAccessIterator>
286    void
287    random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last); // deprecated in C++14, removed in C++17
288
289template <class RandomAccessIterator, class RandomNumberGenerator>
290    void
291    random_shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
292                   RandomNumberGenerator& rand);  // deprecated in C++14, removed in C++17
293
294template<class PopulationIterator, class SampleIterator,
295         class Distance, class UniformRandomBitGenerator>
296    SampleIterator sample(PopulationIterator first, PopulationIterator last,
297                          SampleIterator out, Distance n,
298                          UniformRandomBitGenerator&& g); // C++17
299
300template<class RandomAccessIterator, class UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
301    void shuffle(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last,
302                 UniformRandomNumberGenerator&& g);
303
304template <class InputIterator, class Predicate>
305    bool
306    is_partitioned(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, Predicate pred);
307
308template <class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
309    ForwardIterator
310    partition(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred);
311
312template <class InputIterator, class OutputIterator1,
313          class OutputIterator2, class Predicate>
314    pair<OutputIterator1, OutputIterator2>
315    partition_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
316                   OutputIterator1 out_true, OutputIterator2 out_false,
317                   Predicate pred);
318
319template <class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
320    ForwardIterator
321    stable_partition(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred);
322
323template<class ForwardIterator, class Predicate>
324    ForwardIterator
325    partition_point(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Predicate pred);
326
327template <class ForwardIterator>
328    bool
329    is_sorted(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
330
331template <class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
332    bool
333    is_sorted(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Compare comp);
334
335template<class ForwardIterator>
336    ForwardIterator
337    is_sorted_until(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);
338
339template <class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
340    ForwardIterator
341    is_sorted_until(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Compare comp);
342
343template <class RandomAccessIterator>
344    void
345    sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
346
347template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
348    void
349    sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
350
351template <class RandomAccessIterator>
352    void
353    stable_sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
354
355template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
356    void
357    stable_sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
358
359template <class RandomAccessIterator>
360    void
361    partial_sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator middle, RandomAccessIterator last);
362
363template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
364    void
365    partial_sort(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator middle, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
366
367template <class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator>
368    RandomAccessIterator
369    partial_sort_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
370                      RandomAccessIterator result_first, RandomAccessIterator result_last);
371
372template <class InputIterator, class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
373    RandomAccessIterator
374    partial_sort_copy(InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
375                      RandomAccessIterator result_first, RandomAccessIterator result_last, Compare comp);
376
377template <class RandomAccessIterator>
378    void
379    nth_element(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator nth, RandomAccessIterator last);
380
381template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
382    void
383    nth_element(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator nth, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
384
385template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
386    ForwardIterator
387    lower_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
388
389template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
390    ForwardIterator
391    lower_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp);
392
393template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
394    ForwardIterator
395    upper_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
396
397template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
398    ForwardIterator
399    upper_bound(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp);
400
401template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
402    pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
403    equal_range(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
404
405template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
406    pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
407    equal_range(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp);
408
409template <class ForwardIterator, class T>
410    bool
411    binary_search(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value);
412
413template <class ForwardIterator, class T, class Compare>
414    bool
415    binary_search(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp);
416
417template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
418    OutputIterator
419    merge(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
420          InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result);
421
422template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
423    OutputIterator
424    merge(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
425          InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
426
427template <class BidirectionalIterator>
428    void
429    inplace_merge(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator middle, BidirectionalIterator last);
430
431template <class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
432    void
433    inplace_merge(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator middle, BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp);
434
435template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
436    bool
437    includes(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2);
438
439template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class Compare>
440    bool
441    includes(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, Compare comp);
442
443template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
444    OutputIterator
445    set_union(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
446              InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result);
447
448template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
449    OutputIterator
450    set_union(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
451              InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
452
453template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
454    OutputIterator
455    set_intersection(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
456                     InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result);
457
458template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
459    OutputIterator
460    set_intersection(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
461                     InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
462
463template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
464    OutputIterator
465    set_difference(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
466                   InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result);
467
468template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
469    OutputIterator
470    set_difference(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
471                   InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
472
473template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator>
474    OutputIterator
475    set_symmetric_difference(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
476                             InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result);
477
478template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class OutputIterator, class Compare>
479    OutputIterator
480    set_symmetric_difference(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
481                             InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, OutputIterator result, Compare comp);
482
483template <class RandomAccessIterator>
484    void
485    push_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
486
487template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
488    void
489    push_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
490
491template <class RandomAccessIterator>
492    void
493    pop_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
494
495template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
496    void
497    pop_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
498
499template <class RandomAccessIterator>
500    void
501    make_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
502
503template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
504    void
505    make_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
506
507template <class RandomAccessIterator>
508    void
509    sort_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last);
510
511template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
512    void
513    sort_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, Compare comp);
514
515template <class RandomAccessIterator>
516    bool
517    is_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessiterator last);
518
519template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
520    bool
521    is_heap(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessiterator last, Compare comp);
522
523template <class RandomAccessIterator>
524    RandomAccessIterator
525    is_heap_until(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessiterator last);
526
527template <class RandomAccessIterator, class Compare>
528    RandomAccessIterator
529    is_heap_until(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessiterator last, Compare comp);
530
531template <class ForwardIterator>
532    ForwardIterator
533    min_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);  // constexpr in C++14
534
535template <class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
536    ForwardIterator
537    min_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
538
539template <class T>
540    const T&
541    min(const T& a, const T& b);  // constexpr in C++14
542
543template <class T, class Compare>
544    const T&
545    min(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
546
547template<class T>
548    T
549    min(initializer_list<T> t);  // constexpr in C++14
550
551template<class T, class Compare>
552    T
553    min(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
554
555template<class T>
556    constexpr const T& clamp( const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi );               // C++17
557
558template<class T, class Compare>
559    constexpr const T& clamp( const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi, Compare comp ); // C++17
560
561template <class ForwardIterator>
562    ForwardIterator
563    max_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);  // constexpr in C++14
564
565template <class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
566    ForwardIterator
567    max_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
568
569template <class T>
570    const T&
571    max(const T& a, const T& b); // constexpr in C++14
572
573template <class T, class Compare>
574    const T&
575    max(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
576
577template<class T>
578    T
579    max(initializer_list<T> t);  // constexpr in C++14
580
581template<class T, class Compare>
582    T
583    max(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
584
585template<class ForwardIterator>
586    pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
587    minmax_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last);   // constexpr in C++14
588
589template<class ForwardIterator, class Compare>
590    pair<ForwardIterator, ForwardIterator>
591    minmax_element(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, Compare comp);   // constexpr in C++14
592
593template<class T>
594    pair<const T&, const T&>
595    minmax(const T& a, const T& b);  // constexpr in C++14
596
597template<class T, class Compare>
598    pair<const T&, const T&>
599    minmax(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
600
601template<class T>
602    pair<T, T>
603    minmax(initializer_list<T> t);  // constexpr in C++14
604
605template<class T, class Compare>
606    pair<T, T>
607    minmax(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);  // constexpr in C++14
608
609template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2>
610    bool
611    lexicographical_compare(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1, InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2);
612
613template <class InputIterator1, class InputIterator2, class Compare>
614    bool
615    lexicographical_compare(InputIterator1 first1, InputIterator1 last1,
616                            InputIterator2 first2, InputIterator2 last2, Compare comp);
617
618template <class BidirectionalIterator>
619    bool
620    next_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last);
621
622template <class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
623    bool
624    next_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp);
625
626template <class BidirectionalIterator>
627    bool
628    prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last);
629
630template <class BidirectionalIterator, class Compare>
631    bool
632    prev_permutation(BidirectionalIterator first, BidirectionalIterator last, Compare comp);
633
634}  // std
635
636*/
637
638#include <__config>
639#include <initializer_list>
640#include <type_traits>
641#include <cstring>
642#include <utility> // needed to provide swap_ranges.
643#include <memory>
644#include <iterator>
645#include <cstddef>
646
647#if defined(__IBMCPP__)
648#include "support/ibm/support.h"
649#endif
650#if defined(_LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC)
651#include <intrin.h>
652#endif
653
654#include <__debug>
655
656#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
657#pragma GCC system_header
658#endif
659
660_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
661#include <__undef_macros>
662
663
664_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
665
666// I'd like to replace these with _VSTD::equal_to<void>, but can't because:
667//   * That only works with C++14 and later, and
668//   * We haven't included <functional> here.
669template <class _T1, class _T2 = _T1>
670struct __equal_to
671{
672    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
673    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T2& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
674    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool operator()(const _T2& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
675    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY bool operator()(const _T2& __x, const _T2& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
676};
677
678template <class _T1>
679struct __equal_to<_T1, _T1>
680{
681    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
682    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
683};
684
685template <class _T1>
686struct __equal_to<const _T1, _T1>
687{
688    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
689    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
690};
691
692template <class _T1>
693struct __equal_to<_T1, const _T1>
694{
695    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
696    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x == __y;}
697};
698
699template <class _T1, class _T2 = _T1>
700struct __less
701{
702    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
703    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
704
705    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
706    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T2& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
707
708    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
709    bool operator()(const _T2& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
710
711    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
712    bool operator()(const _T2& __x, const _T2& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
713};
714
715template <class _T1>
716struct __less<_T1, _T1>
717{
718    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
719    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
720};
721
722template <class _T1>
723struct __less<const _T1, _T1>
724{
725    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
726    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
727};
728
729template <class _T1>
730struct __less<_T1, const _T1>
731{
732    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
733    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T1& __y) const {return __x < __y;}
734};
735
736template <class _Predicate>
737class __negate
738{
739private:
740    _Predicate __p_;
741public:
742    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY __negate() {}
743
744    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
745    explicit __negate(_Predicate __p) : __p_(__p) {}
746
747    template <class _T1>
748    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
749    bool operator()(const _T1& __x) {return !__p_(__x);}
750
751    template <class _T1, class _T2>
752    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
753    bool operator()(const _T1& __x, const _T2& __y) {return !__p_(__x, __y);}
754};
755
756#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
757
758template <class _Compare>
759struct __debug_less
760{
761    _Compare __comp_;
762    __debug_less(_Compare& __c) : __comp_(__c) {}
763
764    template <class _Tp, class _Up>
765    bool operator()(const _Tp& __x, const _Up& __y)
766    {
767        bool __r = __comp_(__x, __y);
768        if (__r)
769            __do_compare_assert(0, __y, __x);
770        return __r;
771    }
772
773    template <class _LHS, class _RHS>
774    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
775    decltype((void)_VSTD::declval<_Compare&>()(
776        _VSTD::declval<_LHS const&>(), _VSTD::declval<_RHS const&>()))
777    __do_compare_assert(int, _LHS const& __l, _RHS const& __r) {
778        _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!__comp_(__l, __r),
779            "Comparator does not induce a strict weak ordering");
780    }
781
782    template <class _LHS, class _RHS>
783    inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
784    void __do_compare_assert(long, _LHS const&, _RHS const&) {}
785};
786
787#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
788
789// Precondition:  __x != 0
790inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
791unsigned __ctz(unsigned __x) {
792#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
793    return static_cast<unsigned>(__builtin_ctz(__x));
794#else
795  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned) == sizeof(unsigned long), "");
796  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) == 4, "");
797  unsigned long where;
798  // Search from LSB to MSB for first set bit.
799  // Returns zero if no set bit is found.
800  if (_BitScanForward(&where, mask))
801    return where;
802  return 32;
803#endif
804}
805
806inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
807unsigned long __ctz(unsigned long __x) {
808#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
809    return static_cast<unsigned long>(__builtin_ctzl(__x));
810#else
811    static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(unsigned), "");
812    return __ctz(static_cast<unsigned>(__x));
813#endif
814}
815
816inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
817unsigned long long __ctz(unsigned long long __x) {
818#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
819    return static_cast<unsigned long long>(__builtin_ctzll(__x));
820#else
821    unsigned long where;
822// Search from LSB to MSB for first set bit.
823// Returns zero if no set bit is found.
824#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_BITSCAN64)
825    (defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__x86_64__))
826  if (_BitScanForward64(&where, mask))
827    return static_cast<int>(where);
828#else
829  // Win32 doesn't have _BitScanForward64 so emulate it with two 32 bit calls.
830  // Scan the Low Word.
831  if (_BitScanForward(&where, static_cast<unsigned long>(mask)))
832    return where;
833  // Scan the High Word.
834  if (_BitScanForward(&where, static_cast<unsigned long>(mask >> 32)))
835    return where + 32; // Create a bit offset from the LSB.
836#endif
837  return 64;
838#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
839}
840
841// Precondition:  __x != 0
842inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
843unsigned __clz(unsigned __x) {
844#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
845    return static_cast<unsigned>(__builtin_clz(__x));
846#else
847  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned) == sizeof(unsigned long), "");
848  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) == 4, "");
849  unsigned long where;
850  // Search from LSB to MSB for first set bit.
851  // Returns zero if no set bit is found.
852  if (_BitScanReverse(&where, mask))
853    return 31 - where;
854  return 32; // Undefined Behavior.
855#endif
856}
857
858inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
859unsigned long __clz(unsigned long __x) {
860#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
861    return static_cast<unsigned long>(__builtin_clzl (__x));
862#else
863    static_assert(sizeof(unsigned) == sizeof(unsigned long), "");
864    return __clz(static_cast<unsigned>(__x));
865#endif
866}
867
868inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
869unsigned long long __clz(unsigned long long __x) {
870#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
871    return static_cast<unsigned long long>(__builtin_clzll(__x));
872#else
873  unsigned long where;
874// BitScanReverse scans from MSB to LSB for first set bit.
875// Returns 0 if no set bit is found.
876#if defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_BITSCAN64)
877  if (_BitScanReverse64(&where, mask))
878    return static_cast<int>(63 - where);
879#else
880  // Scan the high 32 bits.
881  if (_BitScanReverse(&where, static_cast<unsigned long>(mask >> 32)))
882    return 63 - (where + 32); // Create a bit offset from the MSB.
883  // Scan the low 32 bits.
884  if (_BitScanReverse(&where, static_cast<unsigned long>(mask)))
885    return 63 - where;
886#endif
887  return 64; // Undefined Behavior.
888#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
889}
890
891inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY int __pop_count(unsigned __x) {
892#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
893  return __builtin_popcount  (__x);
894#else
895  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned) == 4, "");
896  return __popcnt(__x);
897#endif
898}
899
900inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY int __pop_count(unsigned long __x) {
901#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
902  return __builtin_popcountl (__x);
903#else
904  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long) == 4, "");
905  return __popcnt(__x);
906#endif
907}
908
909inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY int __pop_count(unsigned long long __x) {
910#ifndef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
911  return __builtin_popcountll(__x);
912#else
913  static_assert(sizeof(unsigned long long) == 8, "");
914  return __popcnt64(__x);
915#endif
916}
917
918// all_of
919
920template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
921inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
922bool
923all_of(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
924{
925    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
926        if (!__pred(*__first))
927            return false;
928    return true;
929}
930
931// any_of
932
933template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
934inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
935bool
936any_of(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
937{
938    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
939        if (__pred(*__first))
940            return true;
941    return false;
942}
943
944// none_of
945
946template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
947inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
948bool
949none_of(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
950{
951    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
952        if (__pred(*__first))
953            return false;
954    return true;
955}
956
957// for_each
958
959template <class _InputIterator, class _Function>
960inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
961_Function
962for_each(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Function __f)
963{
964    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
965        __f(*__first);
966    return __f;
967}
968
969#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 14
970// for_each_n
971
972template <class _InputIterator, class _Size, class _Function>
973inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
974_InputIterator
975for_each_n(_InputIterator __first, _Size __orig_n, _Function __f)
976{
977    typedef decltype(__convert_to_integral(__orig_n)) _IntegralSize;
978    _IntegralSize __n = __orig_n;
979    while (__n > 0)
980    {
981         __f(*__first);
982         ++__first;
983         --__n;
984    }
985    return __first;
986}
987#endif
988
989// find
990
991template <class _InputIterator, class _Tp>
992inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
993_InputIterator
994find(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
995{
996    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
997        if (*__first == __value_)
998            break;
999    return __first;
1000}
1001
1002// find_if
1003
1004template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
1005inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1006_InputIterator
1007find_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
1008{
1009    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
1010        if (__pred(*__first))
1011            break;
1012    return __first;
1013}
1014
1015// find_if_not
1016
1017template<class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
1018inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1019_InputIterator
1020find_if_not(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
1021{
1022    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
1023        if (!__pred(*__first))
1024            break;
1025    return __first;
1026}
1027
1028// find_end
1029
1030template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1031_ForwardIterator1
1032__find_end(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1033           _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1034           forward_iterator_tag, forward_iterator_tag)
1035{
1036    // modeled after search algorithm
1037    _ForwardIterator1 __r = __last1;  // __last1 is the "default" answer
1038    if (__first2 == __last2)
1039        return __r;
1040    while (true)
1041    {
1042        while (true)
1043        {
1044            if (__first1 == __last1)         // if source exhausted return last correct answer
1045                return __r;                  //    (or __last1 if never found)
1046            if (__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1047                break;
1048            ++__first1;
1049        }
1050        // *__first1 matches *__first2, now match elements after here
1051        _ForwardIterator1 __m1 = __first1;
1052        _ForwardIterator2 __m2 = __first2;
1053        while (true)
1054        {
1055            if (++__m2 == __last2)
1056            {                         // Pattern exhaused, record answer and search for another one
1057                __r = __first1;
1058                ++__first1;
1059                break;
1060            }
1061            if (++__m1 == __last1)     // Source exhausted, return last answer
1062                return __r;
1063            if (!__pred(*__m1, *__m2))  // mismatch, restart with a new __first
1064            {
1065                ++__first1;
1066                break;
1067            }  // else there is a match, check next elements
1068        }
1069    }
1070}
1071
1072template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _BidirectionalIterator1, class _BidirectionalIterator2>
1073_BidirectionalIterator1
1074__find_end(_BidirectionalIterator1 __first1, _BidirectionalIterator1 __last1,
1075           _BidirectionalIterator2 __first2, _BidirectionalIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1076           bidirectional_iterator_tag, bidirectional_iterator_tag)
1077{
1078    // modeled after search algorithm (in reverse)
1079    if (__first2 == __last2)
1080        return __last1;  // Everything matches an empty sequence
1081    _BidirectionalIterator1 __l1 = __last1;
1082    _BidirectionalIterator2 __l2 = __last2;
1083    --__l2;
1084    while (true)
1085    {
1086        // Find last element in sequence 1 that matchs *(__last2-1), with a mininum of loop checks
1087        while (true)
1088        {
1089            if (__first1 == __l1)  // return __last1 if no element matches *__first2
1090                return __last1;
1091            if (__pred(*--__l1, *__l2))
1092                break;
1093        }
1094        // *__l1 matches *__l2, now match elements before here
1095        _BidirectionalIterator1 __m1 = __l1;
1096        _BidirectionalIterator2 __m2 = __l2;
1097        while (true)
1098        {
1099            if (__m2 == __first2)  // If pattern exhausted, __m1 is the answer (works for 1 element pattern)
1100                return __m1;
1101            if (__m1 == __first1)  // Otherwise if source exhaused, pattern not found
1102                return __last1;
1103            if (!__pred(*--__m1, *--__m2))  // if there is a mismatch, restart with a new __l1
1104            {
1105                break;
1106            }  // else there is a match, check next elements
1107        }
1108    }
1109}
1110
1111template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _RandomAccessIterator1, class _RandomAccessIterator2>
1112_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11 _RandomAccessIterator1
1113__find_end(_RandomAccessIterator1 __first1, _RandomAccessIterator1 __last1,
1114           _RandomAccessIterator2 __first2, _RandomAccessIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1115           random_access_iterator_tag, random_access_iterator_tag)
1116{
1117    // Take advantage of knowing source and pattern lengths.  Stop short when source is smaller than pattern
1118    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator2>::difference_type __len2 = __last2 - __first2;
1119    if (__len2 == 0)
1120        return __last1;
1121    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator1>::difference_type __len1 = __last1 - __first1;
1122    if (__len1 < __len2)
1123        return __last1;
1124    const _RandomAccessIterator1 __s = __first1 + (__len2 - 1);  // End of pattern match can't go before here
1125    _RandomAccessIterator1 __l1 = __last1;
1126    _RandomAccessIterator2 __l2 = __last2;
1127    --__l2;
1128    while (true)
1129    {
1130        while (true)
1131        {
1132            if (__s == __l1)
1133                return __last1;
1134            if (__pred(*--__l1, *__l2))
1135                break;
1136        }
1137        _RandomAccessIterator1 __m1 = __l1;
1138        _RandomAccessIterator2 __m2 = __l2;
1139        while (true)
1140        {
1141            if (__m2 == __first2)
1142                return __m1;
1143                                 // no need to check range on __m1 because __s guarantees we have enough source
1144            if (!__pred(*--__m1, *--__m2))
1145            {
1146                break;
1147            }
1148        }
1149    }
1150}
1151
1152template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1153inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1154_ForwardIterator1
1155find_end(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1156         _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1157{
1158    return _VSTD::__find_end<typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1159                         (__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __pred,
1160                          typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::iterator_category(),
1161                          typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::iterator_category());
1162}
1163
1164template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1165inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1166_ForwardIterator1
1167find_end(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1168         _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2)
1169{
1170    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1171    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1172    return _VSTD::find_end(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1173}
1174
1175// find_first_of
1176
1177template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1178_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11 _ForwardIterator1
1179__find_first_of_ce(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1180              _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1181{
1182    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1)
1183        for (_ForwardIterator2 __j = __first2; __j != __last2; ++__j)
1184            if (__pred(*__first1, *__j))
1185                return __first1;
1186    return __last1;
1187}
1188
1189
1190template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1191inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1192_ForwardIterator1
1193find_first_of(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1194              _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1195{
1196    return _VSTD::__find_first_of_ce(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __pred);
1197}
1198
1199template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1200inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1201_ForwardIterator1
1202find_first_of(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1203              _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2)
1204{
1205    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1206    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1207    return _VSTD::__find_first_of_ce(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1208}
1209
1210// adjacent_find
1211
1212template <class _ForwardIterator, class _BinaryPredicate>
1213inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1214_ForwardIterator
1215adjacent_find(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1216{
1217    if (__first != __last)
1218    {
1219        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
1220        while (++__i != __last)
1221        {
1222            if (__pred(*__first, *__i))
1223                return __first;
1224            __first = __i;
1225        }
1226    }
1227    return __last;
1228}
1229
1230template <class _ForwardIterator>
1231inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1232_ForwardIterator
1233adjacent_find(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
1234{
1235    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type __v;
1236    return _VSTD::adjacent_find(__first, __last, __equal_to<__v>());
1237}
1238
1239// count
1240
1241template <class _InputIterator, class _Tp>
1242inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1243typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type
1244count(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
1245{
1246    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type __r(0);
1247    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
1248        if (*__first == __value_)
1249            ++__r;
1250    return __r;
1251}
1252
1253// count_if
1254
1255template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
1256inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1257typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type
1258count_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
1259{
1260    typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::difference_type __r(0);
1261    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
1262        if (__pred(*__first))
1263            ++__r;
1264    return __r;
1265}
1266
1267// mismatch
1268
1269template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1270inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1271pair<_InputIterator1, _InputIterator2>
1272mismatch(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
1273         _InputIterator2 __first2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1274{
1275    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
1276        if (!__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1277            break;
1278    return pair<_InputIterator1, _InputIterator2>(__first1, __first2);
1279}
1280
1281template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
1282inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1283pair<_InputIterator1, _InputIterator2>
1284mismatch(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2)
1285{
1286    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1287    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1288    return _VSTD::mismatch(__first1, __last1, __first2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1289}
1290
1291#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 11
1292template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1293inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1294pair<_InputIterator1, _InputIterator2>
1295mismatch(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
1296         _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2,
1297         _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1298{
1299    for (; __first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
1300        if (!__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1301            break;
1302    return pair<_InputIterator1, _InputIterator2>(__first1, __first2);
1303}
1304
1305template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
1306inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1307pair<_InputIterator1, _InputIterator2>
1308mismatch(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
1309         _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2)
1310{
1311    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1312    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1313    return _VSTD::mismatch(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1314}
1315#endif
1316
1317// equal
1318
1319template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1320inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1321bool
1322equal(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1323{
1324    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
1325        if (!__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1326            return false;
1327    return true;
1328}
1329
1330template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
1331inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1332bool
1333equal(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2)
1334{
1335    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1336    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1337    return _VSTD::equal(__first1, __last1, __first2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1338}
1339
1340#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 11
1341template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
1342inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1343bool
1344__equal(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
1345        _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1346        input_iterator_tag, input_iterator_tag )
1347{
1348    for (; __first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
1349        if (!__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1350            return false;
1351    return __first1 == __last1 && __first2 == __last2;
1352}
1353
1354template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _RandomAccessIterator1, class _RandomAccessIterator2>
1355inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1356bool
1357__equal(_RandomAccessIterator1 __first1, _RandomAccessIterator1 __last1,
1358        _RandomAccessIterator2 __first2, _RandomAccessIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1359      random_access_iterator_tag, random_access_iterator_tag )
1360{
1361    if ( _VSTD::distance(__first1, __last1) != _VSTD::distance(__first2, __last2))
1362        return false;
1363    return _VSTD::equal<_RandomAccessIterator1, _RandomAccessIterator2,
1364                        typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1365                       (__first1, __last1, __first2, __pred );
1366}
1367
1368template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1369inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1370bool
1371equal(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
1372      _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred )
1373{
1374    return _VSTD::__equal<typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1375       (__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __pred,
1376        typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::iterator_category(),
1377        typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::iterator_category());
1378}
1379
1380template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
1381inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1382bool
1383equal(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
1384      _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2)
1385{
1386    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1387    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1388    return _VSTD::__equal(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>(),
1389        typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::iterator_category(),
1390        typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::iterator_category());
1391}
1392#endif
1393
1394// is_permutation
1395
1396template<class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1397bool
1398is_permutation(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1399               _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1400{
1401    // shorten sequences as much as possible by lopping of any equal parts
1402    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
1403        if (!__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1404            goto __not_done;
1405    return true;
1406__not_done:
1407    // __first1 != __last1 && *__first1 != *__first2
1408    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::difference_type _D1;
1409    _D1 __l1 = _VSTD::distance(__first1, __last1);
1410    if (__l1 == _D1(1))
1411        return false;
1412    _ForwardIterator2 __last2 = _VSTD::next(__first2, __l1);
1413    // For each element in [f1, l1) see if there are the same number of
1414    //    equal elements in [f2, l2)
1415    for (_ForwardIterator1 __i = __first1; __i != __last1; ++__i)
1416    {
1417        // Have we already counted the number of *__i in [f1, l1)?
1418        for (_ForwardIterator1 __j = __first1; __j != __i; ++__j)
1419            if (__pred(*__j, *__i))
1420                goto __next_iter;
1421        {
1422            // Count number of *__i in [f2, l2)
1423            _D1 __c2 = 0;
1424            for (_ForwardIterator2 __j = __first2; __j != __last2; ++__j)
1425                if (__pred(*__i, *__j))
1426                    ++__c2;
1427            if (__c2 == 0)
1428                return false;
1429            // Count number of *__i in [__i, l1) (we can start with 1)
1430            _D1 __c1 = 1;
1431            for (_ForwardIterator1 __j = _VSTD::next(__i); __j != __last1; ++__j)
1432                if (__pred(*__i, *__j))
1433                    ++__c1;
1434            if (__c1 != __c2)
1435                return false;
1436        }
1437__next_iter:;
1438    }
1439    return true;
1440}
1441
1442template<class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1443inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1444bool
1445is_permutation(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1446               _ForwardIterator2 __first2)
1447{
1448    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1449    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1450    return _VSTD::is_permutation(__first1, __last1, __first2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1451}
1452
1453#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 11
1454template<class _BinaryPredicate, class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1455bool
1456__is_permutation(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1457                 _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2,
1458                 _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1459                 forward_iterator_tag, forward_iterator_tag )
1460{
1461    // shorten sequences as much as possible by lopping of any equal parts
1462    for (; __first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
1463        if (!__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1464            goto __not_done;
1465    return __first1 == __last1 && __first2 == __last2;
1466__not_done:
1467    // __first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2 && *__first1 != *__first2
1468    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::difference_type _D1;
1469    _D1 __l1 = _VSTD::distance(__first1, __last1);
1470
1471    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::difference_type _D2;
1472    _D2 __l2 = _VSTD::distance(__first2, __last2);
1473    if (__l1 != __l2)
1474        return false;
1475
1476    // For each element in [f1, l1) see if there are the same number of
1477    //    equal elements in [f2, l2)
1478    for (_ForwardIterator1 __i = __first1; __i != __last1; ++__i)
1479    {
1480        // Have we already counted the number of *__i in [f1, l1)?
1481        for (_ForwardIterator1 __j = __first1; __j != __i; ++__j)
1482            if (__pred(*__j, *__i))
1483                goto __next_iter;
1484        {
1485            // Count number of *__i in [f2, l2)
1486            _D1 __c2 = 0;
1487            for (_ForwardIterator2 __j = __first2; __j != __last2; ++__j)
1488                if (__pred(*__i, *__j))
1489                    ++__c2;
1490            if (__c2 == 0)
1491                return false;
1492            // Count number of *__i in [__i, l1) (we can start with 1)
1493            _D1 __c1 = 1;
1494            for (_ForwardIterator1 __j = _VSTD::next(__i); __j != __last1; ++__j)
1495                if (__pred(*__i, *__j))
1496                    ++__c1;
1497            if (__c1 != __c2)
1498                return false;
1499        }
1500__next_iter:;
1501    }
1502    return true;
1503}
1504
1505template<class _BinaryPredicate, class _RandomAccessIterator1, class _RandomAccessIterator2>
1506bool
1507__is_permutation(_RandomAccessIterator1 __first1, _RandomAccessIterator2 __last1,
1508               _RandomAccessIterator1 __first2, _RandomAccessIterator2 __last2,
1509               _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1510               random_access_iterator_tag, random_access_iterator_tag )
1511{
1512    if ( _VSTD::distance(__first1, __last1) != _VSTD::distance(__first2, __last2))
1513        return false;
1514    return _VSTD::is_permutation<_RandomAccessIterator1, _RandomAccessIterator2,
1515                                 typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1516                                (__first1, __last1, __first2, __pred );
1517}
1518
1519template<class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1520inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1521bool
1522is_permutation(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1523               _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2,
1524               _BinaryPredicate __pred )
1525{
1526    return _VSTD::__is_permutation<typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1527       (__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __pred,
1528        typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::iterator_category(),
1529        typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::iterator_category());
1530}
1531
1532template<class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1533inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1534bool
1535is_permutation(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1536               _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2)
1537{
1538    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1539    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1540    return _VSTD::__is_permutation(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2,
1541        __equal_to<__v1, __v2>(),
1542        typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::iterator_category(),
1543        typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::iterator_category());
1544}
1545#endif
1546
1547// search
1548
1549template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1550pair<_ForwardIterator1, _ForwardIterator1>
1551__search(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1552         _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1553         forward_iterator_tag, forward_iterator_tag)
1554{
1555    if (__first2 == __last2)
1556        return make_pair(__first1, __first1);  // Everything matches an empty sequence
1557    while (true)
1558    {
1559        // Find first element in sequence 1 that matchs *__first2, with a mininum of loop checks
1560        while (true)
1561        {
1562            if (__first1 == __last1)  // return __last1 if no element matches *__first2
1563                return make_pair(__last1, __last1);
1564            if (__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1565                break;
1566            ++__first1;
1567        }
1568        // *__first1 matches *__first2, now match elements after here
1569        _ForwardIterator1 __m1 = __first1;
1570        _ForwardIterator2 __m2 = __first2;
1571        while (true)
1572        {
1573            if (++__m2 == __last2)  // If pattern exhausted, __first1 is the answer (works for 1 element pattern)
1574                return make_pair(__first1, __m1);
1575            if (++__m1 == __last1)  // Otherwise if source exhaused, pattern not found
1576                return make_pair(__last1, __last1);
1577            if (!__pred(*__m1, *__m2))  // if there is a mismatch, restart with a new __first1
1578            {
1579                ++__first1;
1580                break;
1581            }  // else there is a match, check next elements
1582        }
1583    }
1584}
1585
1586template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _RandomAccessIterator1, class _RandomAccessIterator2>
1587_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
1588pair<_RandomAccessIterator1, _RandomAccessIterator1>
1589__search(_RandomAccessIterator1 __first1, _RandomAccessIterator1 __last1,
1590         _RandomAccessIterator2 __first2, _RandomAccessIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
1591           random_access_iterator_tag, random_access_iterator_tag)
1592{
1593    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator1>::difference_type _D1;
1594    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator2>::difference_type _D2;
1595    // Take advantage of knowing source and pattern lengths.  Stop short when source is smaller than pattern
1596    const _D2 __len2 = __last2 - __first2;
1597    if (__len2 == 0)
1598        return make_pair(__first1, __first1);
1599    const _D1 __len1 = __last1 - __first1;
1600    if (__len1 < __len2)
1601        return make_pair(__last1, __last1);
1602    const _RandomAccessIterator1 __s = __last1 - (__len2 - 1);  // Start of pattern match can't go beyond here
1603
1604    while (true)
1605    {
1606        while (true)
1607        {
1608            if (__first1 == __s)
1609                return make_pair(__last1, __last1);
1610            if (__pred(*__first1, *__first2))
1611                break;
1612            ++__first1;
1613        }
1614
1615        _RandomAccessIterator1 __m1 = __first1;
1616        _RandomAccessIterator2 __m2 = __first2;
1617         while (true)
1618         {
1619             if (++__m2 == __last2)
1620                 return make_pair(__first1, __first1 + __len2);
1621             ++__m1;          // no need to check range on __m1 because __s guarantees we have enough source
1622             if (!__pred(*__m1, *__m2))
1623             {
1624                 ++__first1;
1625                 break;
1626             }
1627         }
1628    }
1629}
1630
1631template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2, class _BinaryPredicate>
1632inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1633_ForwardIterator1
1634search(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1635       _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1636{
1637    return _VSTD::__search<typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1638                         (__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __pred,
1639                          typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::iterator_category(),
1640                          typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::iterator_category())
1641            .first;
1642}
1643
1644template <class _ForwardIterator1, class _ForwardIterator2>
1645inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1646_ForwardIterator1
1647search(_ForwardIterator1 __first1, _ForwardIterator1 __last1,
1648       _ForwardIterator2 __first2, _ForwardIterator2 __last2)
1649{
1650    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator1>::value_type __v1;
1651    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator2>::value_type __v2;
1652    return _VSTD::search(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __equal_to<__v1, __v2>());
1653}
1654
1655// search_n
1656
1657template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _ForwardIterator, class _Size, class _Tp>
1658_ForwardIterator
1659__search_n(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
1660           _Size __count, const _Tp& __value_, _BinaryPredicate __pred, forward_iterator_tag)
1661{
1662    if (__count <= 0)
1663        return __first;
1664    while (true)
1665    {
1666        // Find first element in sequence that matchs __value_, with a mininum of loop checks
1667        while (true)
1668        {
1669            if (__first == __last)  // return __last if no element matches __value_
1670                return __last;
1671            if (__pred(*__first, __value_))
1672                break;
1673            ++__first;
1674        }
1675        // *__first matches __value_, now match elements after here
1676        _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
1677        _Size __c(0);
1678        while (true)
1679        {
1680            if (++__c == __count)  // If pattern exhausted, __first is the answer (works for 1 element pattern)
1681                return __first;
1682            if (++__m == __last)  // Otherwise if source exhaused, pattern not found
1683                return __last;
1684            if (!__pred(*__m, __value_))  // if there is a mismatch, restart with a new __first
1685            {
1686                __first = __m;
1687                ++__first;
1688                break;
1689            }  // else there is a match, check next elements
1690        }
1691    }
1692}
1693
1694template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Size, class _Tp>
1695_RandomAccessIterator
1696__search_n(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
1697           _Size __count, const _Tp& __value_, _BinaryPredicate __pred, random_access_iterator_tag)
1698{
1699    if (__count <= 0)
1700        return __first;
1701    _Size __len = static_cast<_Size>(__last - __first);
1702    if (__len < __count)
1703        return __last;
1704    const _RandomAccessIterator __s = __last - (__count - 1);  // Start of pattern match can't go beyond here
1705    while (true)
1706    {
1707        // Find first element in sequence that matchs __value_, with a mininum of loop checks
1708        while (true)
1709        {
1710            if (__first >= __s)  // return __last if no element matches __value_
1711                return __last;
1712            if (__pred(*__first, __value_))
1713                break;
1714            ++__first;
1715        }
1716        // *__first matches __value_, now match elements after here
1717        _RandomAccessIterator __m = __first;
1718        _Size __c(0);
1719        while (true)
1720        {
1721            if (++__c == __count)  // If pattern exhausted, __first is the answer (works for 1 element pattern)
1722                return __first;
1723             ++__m;          // no need to check range on __m because __s guarantees we have enough source
1724            if (!__pred(*__m, __value_))  // if there is a mismatch, restart with a new __first
1725            {
1726                __first = __m;
1727                ++__first;
1728                break;
1729            }  // else there is a match, check next elements
1730        }
1731    }
1732}
1733
1734template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Size, class _Tp, class _BinaryPredicate>
1735inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1736_ForwardIterator
1737search_n(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last,
1738         _Size __count, const _Tp& __value_, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
1739{
1740    return _VSTD::__search_n<typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
1741           (__first, __last, __convert_to_integral(__count), __value_, __pred,
1742           typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::iterator_category());
1743}
1744
1745template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Size, class _Tp>
1746inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1747_ForwardIterator
1748search_n(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Size __count, const _Tp& __value_)
1749{
1750    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type __v;
1751    return _VSTD::search_n(__first, __last, __convert_to_integral(__count),
1752                           __value_, __equal_to<__v, _Tp>());
1753}
1754
1755// copy
1756template <class _Iter>
1757inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1758_Iter
1759__unwrap_iter(_Iter __i)
1760{
1761    return __i;
1762}
1763
1764template <class _Tp>
1765inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1766typename enable_if
1767<
1768    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Tp>::value,
1769    _Tp*
1770>::type
1771__unwrap_iter(move_iterator<_Tp*> __i)
1772{
1773    return __i.base();
1774}
1775
1776#if _LIBCPP_DEBUG_LEVEL < 2
1777
1778template <class _Tp>
1779inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1780typename enable_if
1781<
1782    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Tp>::value,
1783    _Tp*
1784>::type
1785__unwrap_iter(__wrap_iter<_Tp*> __i)
1786{
1787    return __i.base();
1788}
1789
1790#else
1791
1792template <class _Tp>
1793inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1794typename enable_if
1795<
1796    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Tp>::value,
1797    __wrap_iter<_Tp*>
1798>::type
1799__unwrap_iter(__wrap_iter<_Tp*> __i)
1800{
1801    return __i;
1802}
1803
1804#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG_LEVEL < 2
1805
1806template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
1807inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1808_OutputIterator
1809__copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
1810{
1811    for (; __first != __last; ++__first, (void) ++__result)
1812        *__result = *__first;
1813    return __result;
1814}
1815
1816template <class _Tp, class _Up>
1817inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1818typename enable_if
1819<
1820    is_same<typename remove_const<_Tp>::type, _Up>::value &&
1821    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Up>::value,
1822    _Up*
1823>::type
1824__copy(_Tp* __first, _Tp* __last, _Up* __result)
1825{
1826    const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
1827    if (__n > 0)
1828        _VSTD::memmove(__result, __first, __n * sizeof(_Up));
1829    return __result + __n;
1830}
1831
1832template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
1833inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1834_OutputIterator
1835copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
1836{
1837    return _VSTD::__copy(__unwrap_iter(__first), __unwrap_iter(__last), __unwrap_iter(__result));
1838}
1839
1840// copy_backward
1841
1842template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _OutputIterator>
1843inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1844_OutputIterator
1845__copy_backward(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
1846{
1847    while (__first != __last)
1848        *--__result = *--__last;
1849    return __result;
1850}
1851
1852template <class _Tp, class _Up>
1853inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1854typename enable_if
1855<
1856    is_same<typename remove_const<_Tp>::type, _Up>::value &&
1857    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Up>::value,
1858    _Up*
1859>::type
1860__copy_backward(_Tp* __first, _Tp* __last, _Up* __result)
1861{
1862    const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
1863    if (__n > 0)
1864    {
1865        __result -= __n;
1866        _VSTD::memmove(__result, __first, __n * sizeof(_Up));
1867    }
1868    return __result;
1869}
1870
1871template <class _BidirectionalIterator1, class _BidirectionalIterator2>
1872inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1873_BidirectionalIterator2
1874copy_backward(_BidirectionalIterator1 __first, _BidirectionalIterator1 __last,
1875              _BidirectionalIterator2 __result)
1876{
1877    return _VSTD::__copy_backward(__unwrap_iter(__first),
1878                                  __unwrap_iter(__last),
1879                                  __unwrap_iter(__result));
1880}
1881
1882// copy_if
1883
1884template<class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Predicate>
1885inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1886_OutputIterator
1887copy_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
1888        _OutputIterator __result, _Predicate __pred)
1889{
1890    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
1891    {
1892        if (__pred(*__first))
1893        {
1894            *__result = *__first;
1895            ++__result;
1896        }
1897    }
1898    return __result;
1899}
1900
1901// copy_n
1902
1903template<class _InputIterator, class _Size, class _OutputIterator>
1904inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1905typename enable_if
1906<
1907    __is_input_iterator<_InputIterator>::value &&
1908   !__is_random_access_iterator<_InputIterator>::value,
1909    _OutputIterator
1910>::type
1911copy_n(_InputIterator __first, _Size __orig_n, _OutputIterator __result)
1912{
1913    typedef decltype(__convert_to_integral(__orig_n)) _IntegralSize;
1914    _IntegralSize __n = __orig_n;
1915    if (__n > 0)
1916    {
1917        *__result = *__first;
1918        ++__result;
1919        for (--__n; __n > 0; --__n)
1920        {
1921            ++__first;
1922            *__result = *__first;
1923            ++__result;
1924        }
1925    }
1926    return __result;
1927}
1928
1929template<class _InputIterator, class _Size, class _OutputIterator>
1930inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1931typename enable_if
1932<
1933    __is_random_access_iterator<_InputIterator>::value,
1934    _OutputIterator
1935>::type
1936copy_n(_InputIterator __first, _Size __orig_n, _OutputIterator __result)
1937{
1938    typedef decltype(__convert_to_integral(__orig_n)) _IntegralSize;
1939    _IntegralSize __n = __orig_n;
1940    return _VSTD::copy(__first, __first + __n, __result);
1941}
1942
1943// move
1944
1945template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
1946inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1947_OutputIterator
1948__move(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
1949{
1950    for (; __first != __last; ++__first, (void) ++__result)
1951        *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first);
1952    return __result;
1953}
1954
1955template <class _Tp, class _Up>
1956inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1957typename enable_if
1958<
1959    is_same<typename remove_const<_Tp>::type, _Up>::value &&
1960    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Up>::value,
1961    _Up*
1962>::type
1963__move(_Tp* __first, _Tp* __last, _Up* __result)
1964{
1965    const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
1966    if (__n > 0)
1967        _VSTD::memmove(__result, __first, __n * sizeof(_Up));
1968    return __result + __n;
1969}
1970
1971template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
1972inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1973_OutputIterator
1974move(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
1975{
1976    return _VSTD::__move(__unwrap_iter(__first), __unwrap_iter(__last), __unwrap_iter(__result));
1977}
1978
1979// move_backward
1980
1981template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
1982inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1983_OutputIterator
1984__move_backward(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
1985{
1986    while (__first != __last)
1987        *--__result = _VSTD::move(*--__last);
1988    return __result;
1989}
1990
1991template <class _Tp, class _Up>
1992inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
1993typename enable_if
1994<
1995    is_same<typename remove_const<_Tp>::type, _Up>::value &&
1996    is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Up>::value,
1997    _Up*
1998>::type
1999__move_backward(_Tp* __first, _Tp* __last, _Up* __result)
2000{
2001    const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
2002    if (__n > 0)
2003    {
2004        __result -= __n;
2005        _VSTD::memmove(__result, __first, __n * sizeof(_Up));
2006    }
2007    return __result;
2008}
2009
2010template <class _BidirectionalIterator1, class _BidirectionalIterator2>
2011inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2012_BidirectionalIterator2
2013move_backward(_BidirectionalIterator1 __first, _BidirectionalIterator1 __last,
2014              _BidirectionalIterator2 __result)
2015{
2016    return _VSTD::__move_backward(__unwrap_iter(__first), __unwrap_iter(__last), __unwrap_iter(__result));
2017}
2018
2019// iter_swap
2020
2021// moved to <type_traits> for better swap / noexcept support
2022
2023// transform
2024
2025template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _UnaryOperation>
2026inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2027_OutputIterator
2028transform(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, _UnaryOperation __op)
2029{
2030    for (; __first != __last; ++__first, (void) ++__result)
2031        *__result = __op(*__first);
2032    return __result;
2033}
2034
2035template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator, class _BinaryOperation>
2036inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2037_OutputIterator
2038transform(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2,
2039          _OutputIterator __result, _BinaryOperation __binary_op)
2040{
2041    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2, ++__result)
2042        *__result = __binary_op(*__first1, *__first2);
2043    return __result;
2044}
2045
2046// replace
2047
2048template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
2049inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2050void
2051replace(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __old_value, const _Tp& __new_value)
2052{
2053    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
2054        if (*__first == __old_value)
2055            *__first = __new_value;
2056}
2057
2058// replace_if
2059
2060template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Predicate, class _Tp>
2061inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2062void
2063replace_if(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred, const _Tp& __new_value)
2064{
2065    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
2066        if (__pred(*__first))
2067            *__first = __new_value;
2068}
2069
2070// replace_copy
2071
2072template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Tp>
2073inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2074_OutputIterator
2075replace_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result,
2076             const _Tp& __old_value, const _Tp& __new_value)
2077{
2078    for (; __first != __last; ++__first, (void) ++__result)
2079        if (*__first == __old_value)
2080            *__result = __new_value;
2081        else
2082            *__result = *__first;
2083    return __result;
2084}
2085
2086// replace_copy_if
2087
2088template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Predicate, class _Tp>
2089inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2090_OutputIterator
2091replace_copy_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result,
2092                _Predicate __pred, const _Tp& __new_value)
2093{
2094    for (; __first != __last; ++__first, (void) ++__result)
2095        if (__pred(*__first))
2096            *__result = __new_value;
2097        else
2098            *__result = *__first;
2099    return __result;
2100}
2101
2102// fill_n
2103
2104template <class _OutputIterator, class _Size, class _Tp>
2105inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2106_OutputIterator
2107__fill_n(_OutputIterator __first, _Size __n, const _Tp& __value_)
2108{
2109    for (; __n > 0; ++__first, (void) --__n)
2110        *__first = __value_;
2111    return __first;
2112}
2113
2114template <class _Tp, class _Size, class _Up>
2115inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2116typename enable_if
2117<
2118    is_integral<_Tp>::value && sizeof(_Tp) == 1 &&
2119    !is_same<_Tp, bool>::value &&
2120    is_integral<_Up>::value && sizeof(_Up) == 1,
2121    _Tp*
2122>::type
2123__fill_n(_Tp* __first, _Size __n,_Up __value_)
2124{
2125    if (__n > 0)
2126        _VSTD::memset(__first, (unsigned char)__value_, (size_t)(__n));
2127    return __first + __n;
2128}
2129
2130template <class _OutputIterator, class _Size, class _Tp>
2131inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2132_OutputIterator
2133fill_n(_OutputIterator __first, _Size __n, const _Tp& __value_)
2134{
2135   return _VSTD::__fill_n(__first, __convert_to_integral(__n), __value_);
2136}
2137
2138// fill
2139
2140template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
2141inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2142void
2143__fill(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, forward_iterator_tag)
2144{
2145    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
2146        *__first = __value_;
2147}
2148
2149template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Tp>
2150inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2151void
2152__fill(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, random_access_iterator_tag)
2153{
2154    _VSTD::fill_n(__first, __last - __first, __value_);
2155}
2156
2157template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
2158inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2159void
2160fill(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
2161{
2162    _VSTD::__fill(__first, __last, __value_, typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::iterator_category());
2163}
2164
2165// generate
2166
2167template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Generator>
2168inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2169void
2170generate(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Generator __gen)
2171{
2172    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
2173        *__first = __gen();
2174}
2175
2176// generate_n
2177
2178template <class _OutputIterator, class _Size, class _Generator>
2179inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2180_OutputIterator
2181generate_n(_OutputIterator __first, _Size __orig_n, _Generator __gen)
2182{
2183    typedef decltype(__convert_to_integral(__orig_n)) _IntegralSize;
2184    _IntegralSize __n = __orig_n;
2185    for (; __n > 0; ++__first, (void) --__n)
2186        *__first = __gen();
2187    return __first;
2188}
2189
2190// remove
2191
2192template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
2193_ForwardIterator
2194remove(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
2195{
2196    __first = _VSTD::find(__first, __last, __value_);
2197    if (__first != __last)
2198    {
2199        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2200        while (++__i != __last)
2201        {
2202            if (!(*__i == __value_))
2203            {
2204                *__first = _VSTD::move(*__i);
2205                ++__first;
2206            }
2207        }
2208    }
2209    return __first;
2210}
2211
2212// remove_if
2213
2214template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Predicate>
2215_ForwardIterator
2216remove_if(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
2217{
2218    __first = _VSTD::find_if<_ForwardIterator, typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type>
2219                           (__first, __last, __pred);
2220    if (__first != __last)
2221    {
2222        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2223        while (++__i != __last)
2224        {
2225            if (!__pred(*__i))
2226            {
2227                *__first = _VSTD::move(*__i);
2228                ++__first;
2229            }
2230        }
2231    }
2232    return __first;
2233}
2234
2235// remove_copy
2236
2237template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Tp>
2238inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2239_OutputIterator
2240remove_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, const _Tp& __value_)
2241{
2242    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
2243    {
2244        if (!(*__first == __value_))
2245        {
2246            *__result = *__first;
2247            ++__result;
2248        }
2249    }
2250    return __result;
2251}
2252
2253// remove_copy_if
2254
2255template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _Predicate>
2256inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2257_OutputIterator
2258remove_copy_if(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, _Predicate __pred)
2259{
2260    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
2261    {
2262        if (!__pred(*__first))
2263        {
2264            *__result = *__first;
2265            ++__result;
2266        }
2267    }
2268    return __result;
2269}
2270
2271// unique
2272
2273template <class _ForwardIterator, class _BinaryPredicate>
2274_ForwardIterator
2275unique(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
2276{
2277    __first = _VSTD::adjacent_find<_ForwardIterator, typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
2278                                 (__first, __last, __pred);
2279    if (__first != __last)
2280    {
2281        // ...  a  a  ?  ...
2282        //      f     i
2283        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2284        for (++__i; ++__i != __last;)
2285            if (!__pred(*__first, *__i))
2286                *++__first = _VSTD::move(*__i);
2287        ++__first;
2288    }
2289    return __first;
2290}
2291
2292template <class _ForwardIterator>
2293inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2294_ForwardIterator
2295unique(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
2296{
2297    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type __v;
2298    return _VSTD::unique(__first, __last, __equal_to<__v>());
2299}
2300
2301// unique_copy
2302
2303template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
2304_OutputIterator
2305__unique_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
2306              input_iterator_tag, output_iterator_tag)
2307{
2308    if (__first != __last)
2309    {
2310        typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type __t(*__first);
2311        *__result = __t;
2312        ++__result;
2313        while (++__first != __last)
2314        {
2315            if (!__pred(__t, *__first))
2316            {
2317                __t = *__first;
2318                *__result = __t;
2319                ++__result;
2320            }
2321        }
2322    }
2323    return __result;
2324}
2325
2326template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _ForwardIterator, class _OutputIterator>
2327_OutputIterator
2328__unique_copy(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
2329              forward_iterator_tag, output_iterator_tag)
2330{
2331    if (__first != __last)
2332    {
2333        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2334        *__result = *__i;
2335        ++__result;
2336        while (++__first != __last)
2337        {
2338            if (!__pred(*__i, *__first))
2339            {
2340                *__result = *__first;
2341                ++__result;
2342                __i = __first;
2343            }
2344        }
2345    }
2346    return __result;
2347}
2348
2349template <class _BinaryPredicate, class _InputIterator, class _ForwardIterator>
2350_ForwardIterator
2351__unique_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _ForwardIterator __result, _BinaryPredicate __pred,
2352              input_iterator_tag, forward_iterator_tag)
2353{
2354    if (__first != __last)
2355    {
2356        *__result = *__first;
2357        while (++__first != __last)
2358            if (!__pred(*__result, *__first))
2359                *++__result = *__first;
2360        ++__result;
2361    }
2362    return __result;
2363}
2364
2365template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator, class _BinaryPredicate>
2366inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2367_OutputIterator
2368unique_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result, _BinaryPredicate __pred)
2369{
2370    return _VSTD::__unique_copy<typename add_lvalue_reference<_BinaryPredicate>::type>
2371                              (__first, __last, __result, __pred,
2372                               typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::iterator_category(),
2373                               typename iterator_traits<_OutputIterator>::iterator_category());
2374}
2375
2376template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator>
2377inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2378_OutputIterator
2379unique_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
2380{
2381    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator>::value_type __v;
2382    return _VSTD::unique_copy(__first, __last, __result, __equal_to<__v>());
2383}
2384
2385// reverse
2386
2387template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
2388inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2389void
2390__reverse(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, bidirectional_iterator_tag)
2391{
2392    while (__first != __last)
2393    {
2394        if (__first == --__last)
2395            break;
2396        _VSTD::iter_swap(__first, __last);
2397        ++__first;
2398    }
2399}
2400
2401template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
2402inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2403void
2404__reverse(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, random_access_iterator_tag)
2405{
2406    if (__first != __last)
2407        for (; __first < --__last; ++__first)
2408            _VSTD::iter_swap(__first, __last);
2409}
2410
2411template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
2412inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2413void
2414reverse(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last)
2415{
2416    _VSTD::__reverse(__first, __last, typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::iterator_category());
2417}
2418
2419// reverse_copy
2420
2421template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _OutputIterator>
2422inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2423_OutputIterator
2424reverse_copy(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
2425{
2426    for (; __first != __last; ++__result)
2427        *__result = *--__last;
2428    return __result;
2429}
2430
2431// rotate
2432
2433template <class _ForwardIterator>
2434_ForwardIterator
2435__rotate_left(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
2436{
2437    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type value_type;
2438    value_type __tmp = _VSTD::move(*__first);
2439    _ForwardIterator __lm1 = _VSTD::move(_VSTD::next(__first), __last, __first);
2440    *__lm1 = _VSTD::move(__tmp);
2441    return __lm1;
2442}
2443
2444template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
2445_BidirectionalIterator
2446__rotate_right(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last)
2447{
2448    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
2449    _BidirectionalIterator __lm1 = _VSTD::prev(__last);
2450    value_type __tmp = _VSTD::move(*__lm1);
2451    _BidirectionalIterator __fp1 = _VSTD::move_backward(__first, __lm1, __last);
2452    *__first = _VSTD::move(__tmp);
2453    return __fp1;
2454}
2455
2456template <class _ForwardIterator>
2457_ForwardIterator
2458__rotate_forward(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __middle, _ForwardIterator __last)
2459{
2460    _ForwardIterator __i = __middle;
2461    while (true)
2462    {
2463        swap(*__first, *__i);
2464        ++__first;
2465        if (++__i == __last)
2466            break;
2467        if (__first == __middle)
2468            __middle = __i;
2469    }
2470    _ForwardIterator __r = __first;
2471    if (__first != __middle)
2472    {
2473        __i = __middle;
2474        while (true)
2475        {
2476            swap(*__first, *__i);
2477            ++__first;
2478            if (++__i == __last)
2479            {
2480                if (__first == __middle)
2481                    break;
2482                __i = __middle;
2483            }
2484            else if (__first == __middle)
2485                __middle = __i;
2486        }
2487    }
2488    return __r;
2489}
2490
2491template<typename _Integral>
2492inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2493_Integral
2494__algo_gcd(_Integral __x, _Integral __y)
2495{
2496    do
2497    {
2498        _Integral __t = __x % __y;
2499        __x = __y;
2500        __y = __t;
2501    } while (__y);
2502    return __x;
2503}
2504
2505template<typename _RandomAccessIterator>
2506_RandomAccessIterator
2507__rotate_gcd(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __middle, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
2508{
2509    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
2510    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
2511
2512    const difference_type __m1 = __middle - __first;
2513    const difference_type __m2 = __last - __middle;
2514    if (__m1 == __m2)
2515    {
2516        _VSTD::swap_ranges(__first, __middle, __middle);
2517        return __middle;
2518    }
2519    const difference_type __g = _VSTD::__algo_gcd(__m1, __m2);
2520    for (_RandomAccessIterator __p = __first + __g; __p != __first;)
2521    {
2522        value_type __t(_VSTD::move(*--__p));
2523        _RandomAccessIterator __p1 = __p;
2524        _RandomAccessIterator __p2 = __p1 + __m1;
2525        do
2526        {
2527            *__p1 = _VSTD::move(*__p2);
2528            __p1 = __p2;
2529            const difference_type __d = __last - __p2;
2530            if (__m1 < __d)
2531                __p2 += __m1;
2532            else
2533                __p2 = __first + (__m1 - __d);
2534        } while (__p2 != __p);
2535        *__p1 = _VSTD::move(__t);
2536    }
2537    return __first + __m2;
2538}
2539
2540template <class _ForwardIterator>
2541inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2542_ForwardIterator
2543__rotate(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __middle, _ForwardIterator __last,
2544         _VSTD::forward_iterator_tag)
2545{
2546    typedef typename _VSTD::iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type value_type;
2547    if (_VSTD::is_trivially_move_assignable<value_type>::value)
2548    {
2549        if (_VSTD::next(__first) == __middle)
2550            return _VSTD::__rotate_left(__first, __last);
2551    }
2552    return _VSTD::__rotate_forward(__first, __middle, __last);
2553}
2554
2555template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
2556inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2557_BidirectionalIterator
2558__rotate(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __middle, _BidirectionalIterator __last,
2559         _VSTD::bidirectional_iterator_tag)
2560{
2561    typedef typename _VSTD::iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
2562    if (_VSTD::is_trivially_move_assignable<value_type>::value)
2563    {
2564        if (_VSTD::next(__first) == __middle)
2565            return _VSTD::__rotate_left(__first, __last);
2566        if (_VSTD::next(__middle) == __last)
2567            return _VSTD::__rotate_right(__first, __last);
2568    }
2569    return _VSTD::__rotate_forward(__first, __middle, __last);
2570}
2571
2572template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
2573inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2574_RandomAccessIterator
2575__rotate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __middle, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
2576         _VSTD::random_access_iterator_tag)
2577{
2578    typedef typename _VSTD::iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
2579    if (_VSTD::is_trivially_move_assignable<value_type>::value)
2580    {
2581        if (_VSTD::next(__first) == __middle)
2582            return _VSTD::__rotate_left(__first, __last);
2583        if (_VSTD::next(__middle) == __last)
2584            return _VSTD::__rotate_right(__first, __last);
2585        return _VSTD::__rotate_gcd(__first, __middle, __last);
2586    }
2587    return _VSTD::__rotate_forward(__first, __middle, __last);
2588}
2589
2590template <class _ForwardIterator>
2591inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2592_ForwardIterator
2593rotate(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __middle, _ForwardIterator __last)
2594{
2595    if (__first == __middle)
2596        return __last;
2597    if (__middle == __last)
2598        return __first;
2599    return _VSTD::__rotate(__first, __middle, __last,
2600                           typename _VSTD::iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::iterator_category());
2601}
2602
2603// rotate_copy
2604
2605template <class _ForwardIterator, class _OutputIterator>
2606inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
2607_OutputIterator
2608rotate_copy(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __middle, _ForwardIterator __last, _OutputIterator __result)
2609{
2610    return _VSTD::copy(__first, __middle, _VSTD::copy(__middle, __last, __result));
2611}
2612
2613// min_element
2614
2615template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Compare>
2616inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2617_ForwardIterator
2618min_element(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
2619{
2620    if (__first != __last)
2621    {
2622        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2623        while (++__i != __last)
2624            if (__comp(*__i, *__first))
2625                __first = __i;
2626    }
2627    return __first;
2628}
2629
2630template <class _ForwardIterator>
2631inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2632_ForwardIterator
2633min_element(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
2634{
2635    return _VSTD::min_element(__first, __last,
2636              __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>());
2637}
2638
2639// min
2640
2641template <class _Tp, class _Compare>
2642inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2643const _Tp&
2644min(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b, _Compare __comp)
2645{
2646    return __comp(__b, __a) ? __b : __a;
2647}
2648
2649template <class _Tp>
2650inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2651const _Tp&
2652min(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b)
2653{
2654    return _VSTD::min(__a, __b, __less<_Tp>());
2655}
2656
2657#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2658
2659template<class _Tp, class _Compare>
2660inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2661_Tp
2662min(initializer_list<_Tp> __t, _Compare __comp)
2663{
2664    return *_VSTD::min_element(__t.begin(), __t.end(), __comp);
2665}
2666
2667template<class _Tp>
2668inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2669_Tp
2670min(initializer_list<_Tp> __t)
2671{
2672    return *_VSTD::min_element(__t.begin(), __t.end(), __less<_Tp>());
2673}
2674
2675#endif  // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2676
2677// max_element
2678
2679template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Compare>
2680inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2681_ForwardIterator
2682max_element(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
2683{
2684    if (__first != __last)
2685    {
2686        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2687        while (++__i != __last)
2688            if (__comp(*__first, *__i))
2689                __first = __i;
2690    }
2691    return __first;
2692}
2693
2694
2695template <class _ForwardIterator>
2696inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2697_ForwardIterator
2698max_element(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
2699{
2700    return _VSTD::max_element(__first, __last,
2701              __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>());
2702}
2703
2704// max
2705
2706template <class _Tp, class _Compare>
2707inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2708const _Tp&
2709max(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b, _Compare __comp)
2710{
2711    return __comp(__a, __b) ? __b : __a;
2712}
2713
2714template <class _Tp>
2715inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2716const _Tp&
2717max(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b)
2718{
2719    return _VSTD::max(__a, __b, __less<_Tp>());
2720}
2721
2722#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2723
2724template<class _Tp, class _Compare>
2725inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2726_Tp
2727max(initializer_list<_Tp> __t, _Compare __comp)
2728{
2729    return *_VSTD::max_element(__t.begin(), __t.end(), __comp);
2730}
2731
2732template<class _Tp>
2733inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2734_Tp
2735max(initializer_list<_Tp> __t)
2736{
2737    return *_VSTD::max_element(__t.begin(), __t.end(), __less<_Tp>());
2738}
2739
2740#endif  // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2741
2742#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 14
2743// clamp
2744template<class _Tp, class _Compare>
2745inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
2746const _Tp&
2747clamp(const _Tp& __v, const _Tp& __lo, const _Tp& __hi, _Compare __comp)
2748{
2749    _LIBCPP_ASSERT(!__comp(__hi, __lo), "Bad bounds passed to std::clamp");
2750    return __comp(__v, __lo) ? __lo : __comp(__hi, __v) ? __hi : __v;
2751
2752}
2753
2754template<class _Tp>
2755inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
2756const _Tp&
2757clamp(const _Tp& __v, const _Tp& __lo, const _Tp& __hi)
2758{
2759    return _VSTD::clamp(__v, __lo, __hi, __less<_Tp>());
2760}
2761#endif
2762
2763// minmax_element
2764
2765template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Compare>
2766_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2767std::pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>
2768minmax_element(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
2769{
2770  std::pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator> __result(__first, __first);
2771  if (__first != __last)
2772  {
2773      if (++__first != __last)
2774      {
2775          if (__comp(*__first, *__result.first))
2776              __result.first = __first;
2777          else
2778              __result.second = __first;
2779          while (++__first != __last)
2780          {
2781              _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
2782              if (++__first == __last)
2783              {
2784                  if (__comp(*__i, *__result.first))
2785                      __result.first = __i;
2786                  else if (!__comp(*__i, *__result.second))
2787                      __result.second = __i;
2788                  break;
2789              }
2790              else
2791              {
2792                  if (__comp(*__first, *__i))
2793                  {
2794                      if (__comp(*__first, *__result.first))
2795                          __result.first = __first;
2796                      if (!__comp(*__i, *__result.second))
2797                          __result.second = __i;
2798                  }
2799                  else
2800                  {
2801                      if (__comp(*__i, *__result.first))
2802                          __result.first = __i;
2803                      if (!__comp(*__first, *__result.second))
2804                          __result.second = __first;
2805                  }
2806              }
2807          }
2808      }
2809  }
2810  return __result;
2811}
2812
2813template <class _ForwardIterator>
2814inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2815std::pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>
2816minmax_element(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
2817{
2818    return _VSTD::minmax_element(__first, __last,
2819              __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>());
2820}
2821
2822// minmax
2823
2824template<class _Tp, class _Compare>
2825inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2826pair<const _Tp&, const _Tp&>
2827minmax(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b, _Compare __comp)
2828{
2829    return __comp(__b, __a) ? pair<const _Tp&, const _Tp&>(__b, __a) :
2830                              pair<const _Tp&, const _Tp&>(__a, __b);
2831}
2832
2833template<class _Tp>
2834inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2835pair<const _Tp&, const _Tp&>
2836minmax(const _Tp& __a, const _Tp& __b)
2837{
2838    return _VSTD::minmax(__a, __b, __less<_Tp>());
2839}
2840
2841#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2842
2843template<class _Tp, class _Compare>
2844inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2845pair<_Tp, _Tp>
2846minmax(initializer_list<_Tp> __t, _Compare __comp)
2847{
2848    typedef typename initializer_list<_Tp>::const_iterator _Iter;
2849    _Iter __first = __t.begin();
2850    _Iter __last  = __t.end();
2851    std::pair<_Tp, _Tp> __result(*__first, *__first);
2852
2853    ++__first;
2854    if (__t.size() % 2 == 0)
2855    {
2856        if (__comp(*__first,  __result.first))
2857            __result.first  = *__first;
2858        else
2859            __result.second = *__first;
2860        ++__first;
2861    }
2862
2863    while (__first != __last)
2864    {
2865        _Tp __prev = *__first++;
2866        if (__comp(*__first, __prev)) {
2867            if ( __comp(*__first, __result.first)) __result.first  = *__first;
2868            if (!__comp(__prev, __result.second))  __result.second = __prev;
2869            }
2870        else {
2871            if ( __comp(__prev, __result.first))    __result.first  = __prev;
2872            if (!__comp(*__first, __result.second)) __result.second = *__first;
2873            }
2874
2875        __first++;
2876    }
2877    return __result;
2878}
2879
2880template<class _Tp>
2881inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_AFTER_CXX11
2882pair<_Tp, _Tp>
2883minmax(initializer_list<_Tp> __t)
2884{
2885    return _VSTD::minmax(__t, __less<_Tp>());
2886}
2887
2888#endif  // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2889
2890// random_shuffle
2891
2892// __independent_bits_engine
2893
2894template <unsigned long long _Xp, size_t _Rp>
2895struct __log2_imp
2896{
2897    static const size_t value = _Xp & ((unsigned long long)(1) << _Rp) ? _Rp
2898                                           : __log2_imp<_Xp, _Rp - 1>::value;
2899};
2900
2901template <unsigned long long _Xp>
2902struct __log2_imp<_Xp, 0>
2903{
2904    static const size_t value = 0;
2905};
2906
2907template <size_t _Rp>
2908struct __log2_imp<0, _Rp>
2909{
2910    static const size_t value = _Rp + 1;
2911};
2912
2913template <class _UIntType, _UIntType _Xp>
2914struct __log2
2915{
2916    static const size_t value = __log2_imp<_Xp,
2917                                         sizeof(_UIntType) * __CHAR_BIT__ - 1>::value;
2918};
2919
2920template<class _Engine, class _UIntType>
2921class __independent_bits_engine
2922{
2923public:
2924    // types
2925    typedef _UIntType result_type;
2926
2927private:
2928    typedef typename _Engine::result_type _Engine_result_type;
2929    typedef typename conditional
2930        <
2931            sizeof(_Engine_result_type) <= sizeof(result_type),
2932                result_type,
2933                _Engine_result_type
2934        >::type _Working_result_type;
2935
2936    _Engine& __e_;
2937    size_t __w_;
2938    size_t __w0_;
2939    size_t __n_;
2940    size_t __n0_;
2941    _Working_result_type __y0_;
2942    _Working_result_type __y1_;
2943    _Engine_result_type __mask0_;
2944    _Engine_result_type __mask1_;
2945
2946#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
2947    static const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::_Max - _Engine::_Min
2948                                          + _Working_result_type(1);
2949#else
2950    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::max() - _Engine::min()
2951                                                      + _Working_result_type(1);
2952#endif
2953    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __m = __log2<_Working_result_type, _Rp>::value;
2954    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _WDt = numeric_limits<_Working_result_type>::digits;
2955    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _EDt = numeric_limits<_Engine_result_type>::digits;
2956
2957public:
2958    // constructors and seeding functions
2959    __independent_bits_engine(_Engine& __e, size_t __w);
2960
2961    // generating functions
2962    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());}
2963
2964private:
2965    result_type __eval(false_type);
2966    result_type __eval(true_type);
2967};
2968
2969template<class _Engine, class _UIntType>
2970__independent_bits_engine<_Engine, _UIntType>
2971    ::__independent_bits_engine(_Engine& __e, size_t __w)
2972        : __e_(__e),
2973          __w_(__w)
2974{
2975    __n_ = __w_ / __m + (__w_ % __m != 0);
2976    __w0_ = __w_ / __n_;
2977    if (_Rp == 0)
2978        __y0_ = _Rp;
2979    else if (__w0_ < _WDt)
2980        __y0_ = (_Rp >> __w0_) << __w0_;
2981    else
2982        __y0_ = 0;
2983    if (_Rp - __y0_ > __y0_ / __n_)
2984    {
2985        ++__n_;
2986        __w0_ = __w_ / __n_;
2987        if (__w0_ < _WDt)
2988            __y0_ = (_Rp >> __w0_) << __w0_;
2989        else
2990            __y0_ = 0;
2991    }
2992    __n0_ = __n_ - __w_ % __n_;
2993    if (__w0_ < _WDt - 1)
2994        __y1_ = (_Rp >> (__w0_ + 1)) << (__w0_ + 1);
2995    else
2996        __y1_ = 0;
2997    __mask0_ = __w0_ > 0 ? _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - __w0_) :
2998                          _Engine_result_type(0);
2999    __mask1_ = __w0_ < _EDt - 1 ?
3000                               _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - (__w0_ + 1)) :
3001                               _Engine_result_type(~0);
3002}
3003
3004template<class _Engine, class _UIntType>
3005inline
3006_UIntType
3007__independent_bits_engine<_Engine, _UIntType>::__eval(false_type)
3008{
3009    return static_cast<result_type>(__e_() & __mask0_);
3010}
3011
3012template<class _Engine, class _UIntType>
3013_UIntType
3014__independent_bits_engine<_Engine, _UIntType>::__eval(true_type)
3015{
3016    result_type _Sp = 0;
3017    for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __n0_; ++__k)
3018    {
3019        _Engine_result_type __u;
3020        do
3021        {
3022            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min();
3023        } while (__u >= __y0_);
3024        if (__w0_ < _WDt)
3025            _Sp <<= __w0_;
3026        else
3027            _Sp = 0;
3028        _Sp += __u & __mask0_;
3029    }
3030    for (size_t __k = __n0_; __k < __n_; ++__k)
3031    {
3032        _Engine_result_type __u;
3033        do
3034        {
3035            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min();
3036        } while (__u >= __y1_);
3037        if (__w0_ < _WDt - 1)
3038            _Sp <<= __w0_ + 1;
3039        else
3040            _Sp = 0;
3041        _Sp += __u & __mask1_;
3042    }
3043    return _Sp;
3044}
3045
3046// uniform_int_distribution
3047
3048template<class _IntType = int>
3049class uniform_int_distribution
3050{
3051public:
3052    // types
3053    typedef _IntType result_type;
3054
3055    class param_type
3056    {
3057        result_type __a_;
3058        result_type __b_;
3059    public:
3060        typedef uniform_int_distribution distribution_type;
3061
3062        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0,
3063                            result_type __b = numeric_limits<result_type>::max())
3064            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
3065
3066        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
3067        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
3068
3069        friend bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3070            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
3071        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
3072            {return !(__x == __y);}
3073    };
3074
3075private:
3076    param_type __p_;
3077
3078public:
3079    // constructors and reset functions
3080    explicit uniform_int_distribution(result_type __a = 0,
3081                                      result_type __b = numeric_limits<result_type>::max())
3082        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
3083    explicit uniform_int_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
3084    void reset() {}
3085
3086    // generating functions
3087    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
3088        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
3089    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
3090
3091    // property functions
3092    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
3093    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
3094
3095    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
3096    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
3097
3098    result_type min() const {return a();}
3099    result_type max() const {return b();}
3100
3101    friend bool operator==(const uniform_int_distribution& __x,
3102                           const uniform_int_distribution& __y)
3103        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
3104    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_int_distribution& __x,
3105                           const uniform_int_distribution& __y)
3106            {return !(__x == __y);}
3107};
3108
3109template<class _IntType>
3110template<class _URNG>
3111typename uniform_int_distribution<_IntType>::result_type
3112uniform_int_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
3113{
3114    typedef typename conditional<sizeof(result_type) <= sizeof(uint32_t),
3115                                            uint32_t, uint64_t>::type _UIntType;
3116    const _UIntType _Rp = __p.b() - __p.a() + _UIntType(1);
3117    if (_Rp == 1)
3118        return __p.a();
3119    const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_UIntType>::digits;
3120    typedef __independent_bits_engine<_URNG, _UIntType> _Eng;
3121    if (_Rp == 0)
3122        return static_cast<result_type>(_Eng(__g, _Dt)());
3123    size_t __w = _Dt - __clz(_Rp) - 1;
3124    if ((_Rp & (std::numeric_limits<_UIntType>::max() >> (_Dt - __w))) != 0)
3125        ++__w;
3126    _Eng __e(__g, __w);
3127    _UIntType __u;
3128    do
3129    {
3130        __u = __e();
3131    } while (__u >= _Rp);
3132    return static_cast<result_type>(__u + __p.a());
3133}
3134
3135#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER <= 14 || defined(_LIBCPP_ENABLE_CXX17_REMOVED_RANDOM_SHUFFLE) \
3136  || defined(_LIBCPP_BUILDING_LIBRARY)
3137class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __rs_default;
3138
3139_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS __rs_default __rs_get();
3140
3141class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __rs_default
3142{
3143    static unsigned __c_;
3144
3145    __rs_default();
3146public:
3147    typedef uint_fast32_t result_type;
3148
3149    static const result_type _Min = 0;
3150    static const result_type _Max = 0xFFFFFFFF;
3151
3152    __rs_default(const __rs_default&);
3153    ~__rs_default();
3154
3155    result_type operator()();
3156
3157    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() {return _Min;}
3158    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() {return _Max;}
3159
3160    friend _LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS __rs_default __rs_get();
3161};
3162
3163_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS __rs_default __rs_get();
3164
3165template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
3166void
3167random_shuffle(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
3168{
3169    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
3170    typedef uniform_int_distribution<ptrdiff_t> _Dp;
3171    typedef typename _Dp::param_type _Pp;
3172    difference_type __d = __last - __first;
3173    if (__d > 1)
3174    {
3175        _Dp __uid;
3176        __rs_default __g = __rs_get();
3177        for (--__last, --__d; __first < __last; ++__first, --__d)
3178        {
3179            difference_type __i = __uid(__g, _Pp(0, __d));
3180            if (__i != difference_type(0))
3181                swap(*__first, *(__first + __i));
3182        }
3183    }
3184}
3185
3186template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _RandomNumberGenerator>
3187void
3188random_shuffle(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
3189#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
3190               _RandomNumberGenerator&& __rand)
3191#else
3192               _RandomNumberGenerator& __rand)
3193#endif
3194{
3195    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
3196    difference_type __d = __last - __first;
3197    if (__d > 1)
3198    {
3199        for (--__last; __first < __last; ++__first, --__d)
3200        {
3201            difference_type __i = __rand(__d);
3202            swap(*__first, *(__first + __i));
3203        }
3204    }
3205}
3206#endif
3207
3208template <class _PopulationIterator, class _SampleIterator, class _Distance,
3209          class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
3210_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3211_SampleIterator __sample(_PopulationIterator __first,
3212                         _PopulationIterator __last, _SampleIterator __output,
3213                         _Distance __n,
3214                         _UniformRandomNumberGenerator & __g,
3215                         input_iterator_tag) {
3216
3217  _Distance __k = 0;
3218  for (; __first != __last && __k < __n; ++__first, (void)++__k)
3219    __output[__k] = *__first;
3220  _Distance __sz = __k;
3221  for (; __first != __last; ++__first, (void)++__k) {
3222    _Distance __r = _VSTD::uniform_int_distribution<_Distance>(0, __k)(__g);
3223    if (__r < __sz)
3224      __output[__r] = *__first;
3225  }
3226  return __output + _VSTD::min(__n, __k);
3227}
3228
3229template <class _PopulationIterator, class _SampleIterator, class _Distance,
3230          class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
3231_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3232_SampleIterator __sample(_PopulationIterator __first,
3233                         _PopulationIterator __last, _SampleIterator __output,
3234                         _Distance __n,
3235                         _UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __g,
3236                         forward_iterator_tag) {
3237  _Distance __unsampled_sz = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last);
3238  for (__n = _VSTD::min(__n, __unsampled_sz); __n != 0; ++__first) {
3239    _Distance __r =
3240        _VSTD::uniform_int_distribution<_Distance>(0, --__unsampled_sz)(__g);
3241    if (__r < __n) {
3242      *__output++ = *__first;
3243      --__n;
3244    }
3245  }
3246  return __output;
3247}
3248
3249template <class _PopulationIterator, class _SampleIterator, class _Distance,
3250          class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
3251_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3252_SampleIterator __sample(_PopulationIterator __first,
3253                         _PopulationIterator __last, _SampleIterator __output,
3254                         _Distance __n, _UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __g) {
3255  typedef typename iterator_traits<_PopulationIterator>::iterator_category
3256        _PopCategory;
3257  typedef typename iterator_traits<_PopulationIterator>::difference_type
3258        _Difference;
3259  static_assert(__is_forward_iterator<_PopulationIterator>::value ||
3260                __is_random_access_iterator<_SampleIterator>::value,
3261                "SampleIterator must meet the requirements of RandomAccessIterator");
3262  typedef typename common_type<_Distance, _Difference>::type _CommonType;
3263  _LIBCPP_ASSERT(__n >= 0, "N must be a positive number.");
3264  return _VSTD::__sample(
3265      __first, __last, __output, _CommonType(__n),
3266      __g, _PopCategory());
3267}
3268
3269#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 14
3270template <class _PopulationIterator, class _SampleIterator, class _Distance,
3271          class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
3272inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3273_SampleIterator sample(_PopulationIterator __first,
3274                       _PopulationIterator __last, _SampleIterator __output,
3275                       _Distance __n, _UniformRandomNumberGenerator&& __g) {
3276    return _VSTD::__sample(__first, __last, __output, __n, __g);
3277}
3278#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 14
3279
3280template<class _RandomAccessIterator, class _UniformRandomNumberGenerator>
3281    void shuffle(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
3282#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
3283                 _UniformRandomNumberGenerator&& __g)
3284#else
3285                 _UniformRandomNumberGenerator& __g)
3286#endif
3287{
3288    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
3289    typedef uniform_int_distribution<ptrdiff_t> _Dp;
3290    typedef typename _Dp::param_type _Pp;
3291    difference_type __d = __last - __first;
3292    if (__d > 1)
3293    {
3294        _Dp __uid;
3295        for (--__last, --__d; __first < __last; ++__first, --__d)
3296        {
3297            difference_type __i = __uid(__g, _Pp(0, __d));
3298            if (__i != difference_type(0))
3299                swap(*__first, *(__first + __i));
3300        }
3301    }
3302}
3303
3304template <class _InputIterator, class _Predicate>
3305bool
3306is_partitioned(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
3307{
3308    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
3309        if (!__pred(*__first))
3310            break;
3311    if ( __first == __last )
3312        return true;
3313    ++__first;
3314    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
3315        if (__pred(*__first))
3316            return false;
3317    return true;
3318}
3319
3320// partition
3321
3322template <class _Predicate, class _ForwardIterator>
3323_ForwardIterator
3324__partition(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred, forward_iterator_tag)
3325{
3326    while (true)
3327    {
3328        if (__first == __last)
3329            return __first;
3330        if (!__pred(*__first))
3331            break;
3332        ++__first;
3333    }
3334    for (_ForwardIterator __p = __first; ++__p != __last;)
3335    {
3336        if (__pred(*__p))
3337        {
3338            swap(*__first, *__p);
3339            ++__first;
3340        }
3341    }
3342    return __first;
3343}
3344
3345template <class _Predicate, class _BidirectionalIterator>
3346_BidirectionalIterator
3347__partition(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Predicate __pred,
3348            bidirectional_iterator_tag)
3349{
3350    while (true)
3351    {
3352        while (true)
3353        {
3354            if (__first == __last)
3355                return __first;
3356            if (!__pred(*__first))
3357                break;
3358            ++__first;
3359        }
3360        do
3361        {
3362            if (__first == --__last)
3363                return __first;
3364        } while (!__pred(*__last));
3365        swap(*__first, *__last);
3366        ++__first;
3367    }
3368}
3369
3370template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Predicate>
3371inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3372_ForwardIterator
3373partition(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
3374{
3375    return _VSTD::__partition<typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type>
3376                            (__first, __last, __pred, typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::iterator_category());
3377}
3378
3379// partition_copy
3380
3381template <class _InputIterator, class _OutputIterator1,
3382          class _OutputIterator2, class _Predicate>
3383pair<_OutputIterator1, _OutputIterator2>
3384partition_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
3385               _OutputIterator1 __out_true, _OutputIterator2 __out_false,
3386               _Predicate __pred)
3387{
3388    for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
3389    {
3390        if (__pred(*__first))
3391        {
3392            *__out_true = *__first;
3393            ++__out_true;
3394        }
3395        else
3396        {
3397            *__out_false = *__first;
3398            ++__out_false;
3399        }
3400    }
3401    return pair<_OutputIterator1, _OutputIterator2>(__out_true, __out_false);
3402}
3403
3404// partition_point
3405
3406template<class _ForwardIterator, class _Predicate>
3407_ForwardIterator
3408partition_point(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
3409{
3410    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
3411    difference_type __len = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last);
3412    while (__len != 0)
3413    {
3414        difference_type __l2 = __len / 2;
3415        _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
3416        _VSTD::advance(__m, __l2);
3417        if (__pred(*__m))
3418        {
3419            __first = ++__m;
3420            __len -= __l2 + 1;
3421        }
3422        else
3423            __len = __l2;
3424    }
3425    return __first;
3426}
3427
3428// stable_partition
3429
3430template <class _Predicate, class _ForwardIterator, class _Distance, class _Pair>
3431_ForwardIterator
3432__stable_partition(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred,
3433                   _Distance __len, _Pair __p, forward_iterator_tag __fit)
3434{
3435    // *__first is known to be false
3436    // __len >= 1
3437    if (__len == 1)
3438        return __first;
3439    if (__len == 2)
3440    {
3441        _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
3442        if (__pred(*++__m))
3443        {
3444            swap(*__first, *__m);
3445            return __m;
3446        }
3447        return __first;
3448    }
3449    if (__len <= __p.second)
3450    {   // The buffer is big enough to use
3451        typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type value_type;
3452        __destruct_n __d(0);
3453        unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h(__p.first, __d);
3454        // Move the falses into the temporary buffer, and the trues to the front of the line
3455        // Update __first to always point to the end of the trues
3456        value_type* __t = __p.first;
3457        ::new(__t) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first));
3458        __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3459        ++__t;
3460        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
3461        while (++__i != __last)
3462        {
3463            if (__pred(*__i))
3464            {
3465                *__first = _VSTD::move(*__i);
3466                ++__first;
3467            }
3468            else
3469            {
3470                ::new(__t) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__i));
3471                __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3472                ++__t;
3473            }
3474        }
3475        // All trues now at start of range, all falses in buffer
3476        // Move falses back into range, but don't mess up __first which points to first false
3477        __i = __first;
3478        for (value_type* __t2 = __p.first; __t2 < __t; ++__t2, ++__i)
3479            *__i = _VSTD::move(*__t2);
3480        // __h destructs moved-from values out of the temp buffer, but doesn't deallocate buffer
3481        return __first;
3482    }
3483    // Else not enough buffer, do in place
3484    // __len >= 3
3485    _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
3486    _Distance __len2 = __len / 2;  // __len2 >= 2
3487    _VSTD::advance(__m, __len2);
3488    // recurse on [__first, __m), *__first know to be false
3489    // F?????????????????
3490    // f       m         l
3491    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type _PredRef;
3492    _ForwardIterator __first_false = __stable_partition<_PredRef>(__first, __m, __pred, __len2, __p, __fit);
3493    // TTTFFFFF??????????
3494    // f  ff   m         l
3495    // recurse on [__m, __last], except increase __m until *(__m) is false, *__last know to be true
3496    _ForwardIterator __m1 = __m;
3497    _ForwardIterator __second_false = __last;
3498    _Distance __len_half = __len - __len2;
3499    while (__pred(*__m1))
3500    {
3501        if (++__m1 == __last)
3502            goto __second_half_done;
3503        --__len_half;
3504    }
3505    // TTTFFFFFTTTF??????
3506    // f  ff   m  m1     l
3507    __second_false = __stable_partition<_PredRef>(__m1, __last, __pred, __len_half, __p, __fit);
3508__second_half_done:
3509    // TTTFFFFFTTTTTFFFFF
3510    // f  ff   m    sf   l
3511    return _VSTD::rotate(__first_false, __m, __second_false);
3512    // TTTTTTTTFFFFFFFFFF
3513    //         |
3514}
3515
3516struct __return_temporary_buffer
3517{
3518    template <class _Tp>
3519    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY void operator()(_Tp* __p) const {_VSTD::return_temporary_buffer(__p);}
3520};
3521
3522template <class _Predicate, class _ForwardIterator>
3523_ForwardIterator
3524__stable_partition(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred,
3525                   forward_iterator_tag)
3526{
3527    const unsigned __alloc_limit = 3;  // might want to make this a function of trivial assignment
3528    // Either prove all true and return __first or point to first false
3529    while (true)
3530    {
3531        if (__first == __last)
3532            return __first;
3533        if (!__pred(*__first))
3534            break;
3535        ++__first;
3536    }
3537    // We now have a reduced range [__first, __last)
3538    // *__first is known to be false
3539    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
3540    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type value_type;
3541    difference_type __len = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last);
3542    pair<value_type*, ptrdiff_t> __p(0, 0);
3543    unique_ptr<value_type, __return_temporary_buffer> __h;
3544    if (__len >= __alloc_limit)
3545    {
3546        __p = _VSTD::get_temporary_buffer<value_type>(__len);
3547        __h.reset(__p.first);
3548    }
3549    return __stable_partition<typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type>
3550                             (__first, __last, __pred, __len, __p, forward_iterator_tag());
3551}
3552
3553template <class _Predicate, class _BidirectionalIterator, class _Distance, class _Pair>
3554_BidirectionalIterator
3555__stable_partition(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Predicate __pred,
3556                   _Distance __len, _Pair __p, bidirectional_iterator_tag __bit)
3557{
3558    // *__first is known to be false
3559    // *__last is known to be true
3560    // __len >= 2
3561    if (__len == 2)
3562    {
3563        swap(*__first, *__last);
3564        return __last;
3565    }
3566    if (__len == 3)
3567    {
3568        _BidirectionalIterator __m = __first;
3569        if (__pred(*++__m))
3570        {
3571            swap(*__first, *__m);
3572            swap(*__m, *__last);
3573            return __last;
3574        }
3575        swap(*__m, *__last);
3576        swap(*__first, *__m);
3577        return __m;
3578    }
3579    if (__len <= __p.second)
3580    {   // The buffer is big enough to use
3581        typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
3582        __destruct_n __d(0);
3583        unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h(__p.first, __d);
3584        // Move the falses into the temporary buffer, and the trues to the front of the line
3585        // Update __first to always point to the end of the trues
3586        value_type* __t = __p.first;
3587        ::new(__t) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first));
3588        __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3589        ++__t;
3590        _BidirectionalIterator __i = __first;
3591        while (++__i != __last)
3592        {
3593            if (__pred(*__i))
3594            {
3595                *__first = _VSTD::move(*__i);
3596                ++__first;
3597            }
3598            else
3599            {
3600                ::new(__t) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__i));
3601                __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3602                ++__t;
3603            }
3604        }
3605        // move *__last, known to be true
3606        *__first = _VSTD::move(*__i);
3607        __i = ++__first;
3608        // All trues now at start of range, all falses in buffer
3609        // Move falses back into range, but don't mess up __first which points to first false
3610        for (value_type* __t2 = __p.first; __t2 < __t; ++__t2, ++__i)
3611            *__i = _VSTD::move(*__t2);
3612        // __h destructs moved-from values out of the temp buffer, but doesn't deallocate buffer
3613        return __first;
3614    }
3615    // Else not enough buffer, do in place
3616    // __len >= 4
3617    _BidirectionalIterator __m = __first;
3618    _Distance __len2 = __len / 2;  // __len2 >= 2
3619    _VSTD::advance(__m, __len2);
3620    // recurse on [__first, __m-1], except reduce __m-1 until *(__m-1) is true, *__first know to be false
3621    // F????????????????T
3622    // f       m        l
3623    _BidirectionalIterator __m1 = __m;
3624    _BidirectionalIterator __first_false = __first;
3625    _Distance __len_half = __len2;
3626    while (!__pred(*--__m1))
3627    {
3628        if (__m1 == __first)
3629            goto __first_half_done;
3630        --__len_half;
3631    }
3632    // F???TFFF?????????T
3633    // f   m1  m        l
3634    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type _PredRef;
3635    __first_false = __stable_partition<_PredRef>(__first, __m1, __pred, __len_half, __p, __bit);
3636__first_half_done:
3637    // TTTFFFFF?????????T
3638    // f  ff   m        l
3639    // recurse on [__m, __last], except increase __m until *(__m) is false, *__last know to be true
3640    __m1 = __m;
3641    _BidirectionalIterator __second_false = __last;
3642    ++__second_false;
3643    __len_half = __len - __len2;
3644    while (__pred(*__m1))
3645    {
3646        if (++__m1 == __last)
3647            goto __second_half_done;
3648        --__len_half;
3649    }
3650    // TTTFFFFFTTTF?????T
3651    // f  ff   m  m1    l
3652    __second_false = __stable_partition<_PredRef>(__m1, __last, __pred, __len_half, __p, __bit);
3653__second_half_done:
3654    // TTTFFFFFTTTTTFFFFF
3655    // f  ff   m    sf  l
3656    return _VSTD::rotate(__first_false, __m, __second_false);
3657    // TTTTTTTTFFFFFFFFFF
3658    //         |
3659}
3660
3661template <class _Predicate, class _BidirectionalIterator>
3662_BidirectionalIterator
3663__stable_partition(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Predicate __pred,
3664                   bidirectional_iterator_tag)
3665{
3666    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
3667    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
3668    const difference_type __alloc_limit = 4;  // might want to make this a function of trivial assignment
3669    // Either prove all true and return __first or point to first false
3670    while (true)
3671    {
3672        if (__first == __last)
3673            return __first;
3674        if (!__pred(*__first))
3675            break;
3676        ++__first;
3677    }
3678    // __first points to first false, everything prior to __first is already set.
3679    // Either prove [__first, __last) is all false and return __first, or point __last to last true
3680    do
3681    {
3682        if (__first == --__last)
3683            return __first;
3684    } while (!__pred(*__last));
3685    // We now have a reduced range [__first, __last]
3686    // *__first is known to be false
3687    // *__last is known to be true
3688    // __len >= 2
3689    difference_type __len = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last) + 1;
3690    pair<value_type*, ptrdiff_t> __p(0, 0);
3691    unique_ptr<value_type, __return_temporary_buffer> __h;
3692    if (__len >= __alloc_limit)
3693    {
3694        __p = _VSTD::get_temporary_buffer<value_type>(__len);
3695        __h.reset(__p.first);
3696    }
3697    return __stable_partition<typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type>
3698                             (__first, __last, __pred, __len, __p, bidirectional_iterator_tag());
3699}
3700
3701template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Predicate>
3702inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3703_ForwardIterator
3704stable_partition(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Predicate __pred)
3705{
3706    return __stable_partition<typename add_lvalue_reference<_Predicate>::type>
3707                             (__first, __last, __pred, typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::iterator_category());
3708}
3709
3710// is_sorted_until
3711
3712template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Compare>
3713_ForwardIterator
3714is_sorted_until(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3715{
3716    if (__first != __last)
3717    {
3718        _ForwardIterator __i = __first;
3719        while (++__i != __last)
3720        {
3721            if (__comp(*__i, *__first))
3722                return __i;
3723            __first = __i;
3724        }
3725    }
3726    return __last;
3727}
3728
3729template<class _ForwardIterator>
3730inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3731_ForwardIterator
3732is_sorted_until(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
3733{
3734    return _VSTD::is_sorted_until(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>());
3735}
3736
3737// is_sorted
3738
3739template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Compare>
3740inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3741bool
3742is_sorted(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3743{
3744    return _VSTD::is_sorted_until(__first, __last, __comp) == __last;
3745}
3746
3747template<class _ForwardIterator>
3748inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
3749bool
3750is_sorted(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last)
3751{
3752    return _VSTD::is_sorted(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>());
3753}
3754
3755// sort
3756
3757// stable, 2-3 compares, 0-2 swaps
3758
3759template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator>
3760unsigned
3761__sort3(_ForwardIterator __x, _ForwardIterator __y, _ForwardIterator __z, _Compare __c)
3762{
3763    unsigned __r = 0;
3764    if (!__c(*__y, *__x))          // if x <= y
3765    {
3766        if (!__c(*__z, *__y))      // if y <= z
3767            return __r;            // x <= y && y <= z
3768                                   // x <= y && y > z
3769        swap(*__y, *__z);          // x <= z && y < z
3770        __r = 1;
3771        if (__c(*__y, *__x))       // if x > y
3772        {
3773            swap(*__x, *__y);      // x < y && y <= z
3774            __r = 2;
3775        }
3776        return __r;                // x <= y && y < z
3777    }
3778    if (__c(*__z, *__y))           // x > y, if y > z
3779    {
3780        swap(*__x, *__z);          // x < y && y < z
3781        __r = 1;
3782        return __r;
3783    }
3784    swap(*__x, *__y);              // x > y && y <= z
3785    __r = 1;                       // x < y && x <= z
3786    if (__c(*__z, *__y))           // if y > z
3787    {
3788        swap(*__y, *__z);          // x <= y && y < z
3789        __r = 2;
3790    }
3791    return __r;
3792}                                  // x <= y && y <= z
3793
3794// stable, 3-6 compares, 0-5 swaps
3795
3796template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator>
3797unsigned
3798__sort4(_ForwardIterator __x1, _ForwardIterator __x2, _ForwardIterator __x3,
3799            _ForwardIterator __x4, _Compare __c)
3800{
3801    unsigned __r = __sort3<_Compare>(__x1, __x2, __x3, __c);
3802    if (__c(*__x4, *__x3))
3803    {
3804        swap(*__x3, *__x4);
3805        ++__r;
3806        if (__c(*__x3, *__x2))
3807        {
3808            swap(*__x2, *__x3);
3809            ++__r;
3810            if (__c(*__x2, *__x1))
3811            {
3812                swap(*__x1, *__x2);
3813                ++__r;
3814            }
3815        }
3816    }
3817    return __r;
3818}
3819
3820// stable, 4-10 compares, 0-9 swaps
3821
3822template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator>
3823unsigned
3824__sort5(_ForwardIterator __x1, _ForwardIterator __x2, _ForwardIterator __x3,
3825            _ForwardIterator __x4, _ForwardIterator __x5, _Compare __c)
3826{
3827    unsigned __r = __sort4<_Compare>(__x1, __x2, __x3, __x4, __c);
3828    if (__c(*__x5, *__x4))
3829    {
3830        swap(*__x4, *__x5);
3831        ++__r;
3832        if (__c(*__x4, *__x3))
3833        {
3834            swap(*__x3, *__x4);
3835            ++__r;
3836            if (__c(*__x3, *__x2))
3837            {
3838                swap(*__x2, *__x3);
3839                ++__r;
3840                if (__c(*__x2, *__x1))
3841                {
3842                    swap(*__x1, *__x2);
3843                    ++__r;
3844                }
3845            }
3846        }
3847    }
3848    return __r;
3849}
3850
3851// Assumes size > 0
3852template <class _Compare, class _BirdirectionalIterator>
3853void
3854__selection_sort(_BirdirectionalIterator __first, _BirdirectionalIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3855{
3856    _BirdirectionalIterator __lm1 = __last;
3857    for (--__lm1; __first != __lm1; ++__first)
3858    {
3859        _BirdirectionalIterator __i = _VSTD::min_element<_BirdirectionalIterator,
3860                                                        typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type>
3861                                                       (__first, __last, __comp);
3862        if (__i != __first)
3863            swap(*__first, *__i);
3864    }
3865}
3866
3867template <class _Compare, class _BirdirectionalIterator>
3868void
3869__insertion_sort(_BirdirectionalIterator __first, _BirdirectionalIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3870{
3871    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BirdirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
3872    if (__first != __last)
3873    {
3874        _BirdirectionalIterator __i = __first;
3875        for (++__i; __i != __last; ++__i)
3876        {
3877            _BirdirectionalIterator __j = __i;
3878            value_type __t(_VSTD::move(*__j));
3879            for (_BirdirectionalIterator __k = __i; __k != __first && __comp(__t,  *--__k); --__j)
3880                *__j = _VSTD::move(*__k);
3881            *__j = _VSTD::move(__t);
3882        }
3883    }
3884}
3885
3886template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
3887void
3888__insertion_sort_3(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3889{
3890    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
3891    _RandomAccessIterator __j = __first+2;
3892    __sort3<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, __j, __comp);
3893    for (_RandomAccessIterator __i = __j+1; __i != __last; ++__i)
3894    {
3895        if (__comp(*__i, *__j))
3896        {
3897            value_type __t(_VSTD::move(*__i));
3898            _RandomAccessIterator __k = __j;
3899            __j = __i;
3900            do
3901            {
3902                *__j = _VSTD::move(*__k);
3903                __j = __k;
3904            } while (__j != __first && __comp(__t, *--__k));
3905            *__j = _VSTD::move(__t);
3906        }
3907        __j = __i;
3908    }
3909}
3910
3911template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
3912bool
3913__insertion_sort_incomplete(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3914{
3915    switch (__last - __first)
3916    {
3917    case 0:
3918    case 1:
3919        return true;
3920    case 2:
3921        if (__comp(*--__last, *__first))
3922            swap(*__first, *__last);
3923        return true;
3924    case 3:
3925        _VSTD::__sort3<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, --__last, __comp);
3926        return true;
3927    case 4:
3928        _VSTD::__sort4<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, __first+2, --__last, __comp);
3929        return true;
3930    case 5:
3931        _VSTD::__sort5<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, __first+2, __first+3, --__last, __comp);
3932        return true;
3933    }
3934    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
3935    _RandomAccessIterator __j = __first+2;
3936    __sort3<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, __j, __comp);
3937    const unsigned __limit = 8;
3938    unsigned __count = 0;
3939    for (_RandomAccessIterator __i = __j+1; __i != __last; ++__i)
3940    {
3941        if (__comp(*__i, *__j))
3942        {
3943            value_type __t(_VSTD::move(*__i));
3944            _RandomAccessIterator __k = __j;
3945            __j = __i;
3946            do
3947            {
3948                *__j = _VSTD::move(*__k);
3949                __j = __k;
3950            } while (__j != __first && __comp(__t, *--__k));
3951            *__j = _VSTD::move(__t);
3952            if (++__count == __limit)
3953                return ++__i == __last;
3954        }
3955        __j = __i;
3956    }
3957    return true;
3958}
3959
3960template <class _Compare, class _BirdirectionalIterator>
3961void
3962__insertion_sort_move(_BirdirectionalIterator __first1, _BirdirectionalIterator __last1,
3963                      typename iterator_traits<_BirdirectionalIterator>::value_type* __first2, _Compare __comp)
3964{
3965    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BirdirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
3966    if (__first1 != __last1)
3967    {
3968        __destruct_n __d(0);
3969        unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h(__first2, __d);
3970        value_type* __last2 = __first2;
3971        ::new(__last2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
3972        __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3973        for (++__last2; ++__first1 != __last1; ++__last2)
3974        {
3975            value_type* __j2 = __last2;
3976            value_type* __i2 = __j2;
3977            if (__comp(*__first1, *--__i2))
3978            {
3979                ::new(__j2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__i2));
3980                __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3981                for (--__j2; __i2 != __first2 && __comp(*__first1,  *--__i2); --__j2)
3982                    *__j2 = _VSTD::move(*__i2);
3983                *__j2 = _VSTD::move(*__first1);
3984            }
3985            else
3986            {
3987                ::new(__j2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
3988                __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
3989            }
3990        }
3991        __h.release();
3992    }
3993}
3994
3995template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
3996void
3997__sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
3998{
3999    // _Compare is known to be a reference type
4000    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4001    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
4002    const difference_type __limit = is_trivially_copy_constructible<value_type>::value &&
4003                                    is_trivially_copy_assignable<value_type>::value ? 30 : 6;
4004    while (true)
4005    {
4006    __restart:
4007        difference_type __len = __last - __first;
4008        switch (__len)
4009        {
4010        case 0:
4011        case 1:
4012            return;
4013        case 2:
4014            if (__comp(*--__last, *__first))
4015                swap(*__first, *__last);
4016            return;
4017        case 3:
4018            _VSTD::__sort3<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, --__last, __comp);
4019            return;
4020        case 4:
4021            _VSTD::__sort4<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, __first+2, --__last, __comp);
4022            return;
4023        case 5:
4024            _VSTD::__sort5<_Compare>(__first, __first+1, __first+2, __first+3, --__last, __comp);
4025            return;
4026        }
4027        if (__len <= __limit)
4028        {
4029            _VSTD::__insertion_sort_3<_Compare>(__first, __last, __comp);
4030            return;
4031        }
4032        // __len > 5
4033        _RandomAccessIterator __m = __first;
4034        _RandomAccessIterator __lm1 = __last;
4035        --__lm1;
4036        unsigned __n_swaps;
4037        {
4038        difference_type __delta;
4039        if (__len >= 1000)
4040        {
4041            __delta = __len/2;
4042            __m += __delta;
4043            __delta /= 2;
4044            __n_swaps = _VSTD::__sort5<_Compare>(__first, __first + __delta, __m, __m+__delta, __lm1, __comp);
4045        }
4046        else
4047        {
4048            __delta = __len/2;
4049            __m += __delta;
4050            __n_swaps = _VSTD::__sort3<_Compare>(__first, __m, __lm1, __comp);
4051        }
4052        }
4053        // *__m is median
4054        // partition [__first, __m) < *__m and *__m <= [__m, __last)
4055        // (this inhibits tossing elements equivalent to __m around unnecessarily)
4056        _RandomAccessIterator __i = __first;
4057        _RandomAccessIterator __j = __lm1;
4058        // j points beyond range to be tested, *__m is known to be <= *__lm1
4059        // The search going up is known to be guarded but the search coming down isn't.
4060        // Prime the downward search with a guard.
4061        if (!__comp(*__i, *__m))  // if *__first == *__m
4062        {
4063            // *__first == *__m, *__first doesn't go in first part
4064            // manually guard downward moving __j against __i
4065            while (true)
4066            {
4067                if (__i == --__j)
4068                {
4069                    // *__first == *__m, *__m <= all other elements
4070                    // Parition instead into [__first, __i) == *__first and *__first < [__i, __last)
4071                    ++__i;  // __first + 1
4072                    __j = __last;
4073                    if (!__comp(*__first, *--__j))  // we need a guard if *__first == *(__last-1)
4074                    {
4075                        while (true)
4076                        {
4077                            if (__i == __j)
4078                                return;  // [__first, __last) all equivalent elements
4079                            if (__comp(*__first, *__i))
4080                            {
4081                                swap(*__i, *__j);
4082                                ++__n_swaps;
4083                                ++__i;
4084                                break;
4085                            }
4086                            ++__i;
4087                        }
4088                    }
4089                    // [__first, __i) == *__first and *__first < [__j, __last) and __j == __last - 1
4090                    if (__i == __j)
4091                        return;
4092                    while (true)
4093                    {
4094                        while (!__comp(*__first, *__i))
4095                            ++__i;
4096                        while (__comp(*__first, *--__j))
4097                            ;
4098                        if (__i >= __j)
4099                            break;
4100                        swap(*__i, *__j);
4101                        ++__n_swaps;
4102                        ++__i;
4103                    }
4104                    // [__first, __i) == *__first and *__first < [__i, __last)
4105                    // The first part is sorted, sort the secod part
4106                    // _VSTD::__sort<_Compare>(__i, __last, __comp);
4107                    __first = __i;
4108                    goto __restart;
4109                }
4110                if (__comp(*__j, *__m))
4111                {
4112                    swap(*__i, *__j);
4113                    ++__n_swaps;
4114                    break;  // found guard for downward moving __j, now use unguarded partition
4115                }
4116            }
4117        }
4118        // It is known that *__i < *__m
4119        ++__i;
4120        // j points beyond range to be tested, *__m is known to be <= *__lm1
4121        // if not yet partitioned...
4122        if (__i < __j)
4123        {
4124            // known that *(__i - 1) < *__m
4125            // known that __i <= __m
4126            while (true)
4127            {
4128                // __m still guards upward moving __i
4129                while (__comp(*__i, *__m))
4130                    ++__i;
4131                // It is now known that a guard exists for downward moving __j
4132                while (!__comp(*--__j, *__m))
4133                    ;
4134                if (__i > __j)
4135                    break;
4136                swap(*__i, *__j);
4137                ++__n_swaps;
4138                // It is known that __m != __j
4139                // If __m just moved, follow it
4140                if (__m == __i)
4141                    __m = __j;
4142                ++__i;
4143            }
4144        }
4145        // [__first, __i) < *__m and *__m <= [__i, __last)
4146        if (__i != __m && __comp(*__m, *__i))
4147        {
4148            swap(*__i, *__m);
4149            ++__n_swaps;
4150        }
4151        // [__first, __i) < *__i and *__i <= [__i+1, __last)
4152        // If we were given a perfect partition, see if insertion sort is quick...
4153        if (__n_swaps == 0)
4154        {
4155            bool __fs = _VSTD::__insertion_sort_incomplete<_Compare>(__first, __i, __comp);
4156            if (_VSTD::__insertion_sort_incomplete<_Compare>(__i+1, __last, __comp))
4157            {
4158                if (__fs)
4159                    return;
4160                __last = __i;
4161                continue;
4162            }
4163            else
4164            {
4165                if (__fs)
4166                {
4167                    __first = ++__i;
4168                    continue;
4169                }
4170            }
4171        }
4172        // sort smaller range with recursive call and larger with tail recursion elimination
4173        if (__i - __first < __last - __i)
4174        {
4175            _VSTD::__sort<_Compare>(__first, __i, __comp);
4176            // _VSTD::__sort<_Compare>(__i+1, __last, __comp);
4177            __first = ++__i;
4178        }
4179        else
4180        {
4181            _VSTD::__sort<_Compare>(__i+1, __last, __comp);
4182            // _VSTD::__sort<_Compare>(__first, __i, __comp);
4183            __last = __i;
4184        }
4185    }
4186}
4187
4188// This forwarder keeps the top call and the recursive calls using the same instantiation, forcing a reference _Compare
4189template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
4190inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4191void
4192sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
4193{
4194#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4195    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4196    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4197    __sort<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c);
4198#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4199    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4200    __sort<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp);
4201#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4202}
4203
4204template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
4205inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4206void
4207sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
4208{
4209    _VSTD::sort(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
4210}
4211
4212template <class _Tp>
4213inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4214void
4215sort(_Tp** __first, _Tp** __last)
4216{
4217    _VSTD::sort((size_t*)__first, (size_t*)__last, __less<size_t>());
4218}
4219
4220template <class _Tp>
4221inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4222void
4223sort(__wrap_iter<_Tp*> __first, __wrap_iter<_Tp*> __last)
4224{
4225    _VSTD::sort(__first.base(), __last.base());
4226}
4227
4228template <class _Tp, class _Compare>
4229inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4230void
4231sort(__wrap_iter<_Tp*> __first, __wrap_iter<_Tp*> __last, _Compare __comp)
4232{
4233    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4234    _VSTD::sort<_Tp*, _Comp_ref>(__first.base(), __last.base(), __comp);
4235}
4236
4237#ifdef _LIBCPP_MSVC
4238#pragma warning( push )
4239#pragma warning( disable: 4231)
4240#endif // _LIBCPP_MSVC
4241_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&))
4242_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&))
4243_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&))
4244_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&))
4245_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&))
4246_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&))
4247_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&))
4248_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&))
4249_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&))
4250_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&))
4251_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&))
4252_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&))
4253_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&))
4254_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&))
4255_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS void __sort<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&))
4256
4257_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<char>&, char*>(char*, char*, __less<char>&))
4258_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<wchar_t>&, wchar_t*>(wchar_t*, wchar_t*, __less<wchar_t>&))
4259_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<signed char>&, signed char*>(signed char*, signed char*, __less<signed char>&))
4260_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned char>&, unsigned char*>(unsigned char*, unsigned char*, __less<unsigned char>&))
4261_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<short>&, short*>(short*, short*, __less<short>&))
4262_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned short>&, unsigned short*>(unsigned short*, unsigned short*, __less<unsigned short>&))
4263_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<int>&, int*>(int*, int*, __less<int>&))
4264_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned>&, unsigned*>(unsigned*, unsigned*, __less<unsigned>&))
4265_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long>&, long*>(long*, long*, __less<long>&))
4266_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long>&, unsigned long*>(unsigned long*, unsigned long*, __less<unsigned long>&))
4267_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long long>&, long long*>(long long*, long long*, __less<long long>&))
4268_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<unsigned long long>&, unsigned long long*>(unsigned long long*, unsigned long long*, __less<unsigned long long>&))
4269_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<float>&, float*>(float*, float*, __less<float>&))
4270_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<double>&, double*>(double*, double*, __less<double>&))
4271_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS bool __insertion_sort_incomplete<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&))
4272
4273_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE(_LIBCPP_FUNC_VIS unsigned __sort5<__less<long double>&, long double*>(long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, long double*, __less<long double>&))
4274#ifdef _LIBCPP_MSVC
4275#pragma warning( pop )
4276#endif  // _LIBCPP_MSVC
4277
4278// lower_bound
4279
4280template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4281_ForwardIterator
4282__lower_bound(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4283{
4284    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4285    difference_type __len = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last);
4286    while (__len != 0)
4287    {
4288        difference_type __l2 = __len / 2;
4289        _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
4290        _VSTD::advance(__m, __l2);
4291        if (__comp(*__m, __value_))
4292        {
4293            __first = ++__m;
4294            __len -= __l2 + 1;
4295        }
4296        else
4297            __len = __l2;
4298    }
4299    return __first;
4300}
4301
4302template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp, class _Compare>
4303inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4304_ForwardIterator
4305lower_bound(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4306{
4307#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4308    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4309    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4310    return __lower_bound<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __c);
4311#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4312    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4313    return __lower_bound<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __comp);
4314#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4315}
4316
4317template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4318inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4319_ForwardIterator
4320lower_bound(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
4321{
4322    return _VSTD::lower_bound(__first, __last, __value_,
4323                             __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type, _Tp>());
4324}
4325
4326// upper_bound
4327
4328template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4329_ForwardIterator
4330__upper_bound(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4331{
4332    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4333    difference_type __len = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last);
4334    while (__len != 0)
4335    {
4336        difference_type __l2 = __len / 2;
4337        _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
4338        _VSTD::advance(__m, __l2);
4339        if (__comp(__value_, *__m))
4340            __len = __l2;
4341        else
4342        {
4343            __first = ++__m;
4344            __len -= __l2 + 1;
4345        }
4346    }
4347    return __first;
4348}
4349
4350template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp, class _Compare>
4351inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4352_ForwardIterator
4353upper_bound(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4354{
4355#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4356    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4357    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4358    return __upper_bound<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __c);
4359#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4360    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4361    return __upper_bound<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __comp);
4362#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4363}
4364
4365template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4366inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4367_ForwardIterator
4368upper_bound(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
4369{
4370    return _VSTD::upper_bound(__first, __last, __value_,
4371                             __less<_Tp, typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type>());
4372}
4373
4374// equal_range
4375
4376template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4377pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>
4378__equal_range(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4379{
4380    typedef typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4381    difference_type __len = _VSTD::distance(__first, __last);
4382    while (__len != 0)
4383    {
4384        difference_type __l2 = __len / 2;
4385        _ForwardIterator __m = __first;
4386        _VSTD::advance(__m, __l2);
4387        if (__comp(*__m, __value_))
4388        {
4389            __first = ++__m;
4390            __len -= __l2 + 1;
4391        }
4392        else if (__comp(__value_, *__m))
4393        {
4394            __last = __m;
4395            __len = __l2;
4396        }
4397        else
4398        {
4399            _ForwardIterator __mp1 = __m;
4400            return pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>
4401                   (
4402                      __lower_bound<_Compare>(__first, __m, __value_, __comp),
4403                      __upper_bound<_Compare>(++__mp1, __last, __value_, __comp)
4404                   );
4405        }
4406    }
4407    return pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>(__first, __first);
4408}
4409
4410template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp, class _Compare>
4411inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4412pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>
4413equal_range(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4414{
4415#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4416    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4417    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4418    return __equal_range<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __c);
4419#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4420    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4421    return __equal_range<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __comp);
4422#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4423}
4424
4425template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4426inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4427pair<_ForwardIterator, _ForwardIterator>
4428equal_range(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
4429{
4430    return _VSTD::equal_range(__first, __last, __value_,
4431                             __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type, _Tp>());
4432}
4433
4434// binary_search
4435
4436template <class _Compare, class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4437inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4438bool
4439__binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4440{
4441    __first = __lower_bound<_Compare>(__first, __last, __value_, __comp);
4442    return __first != __last && !__comp(__value_, *__first);
4443}
4444
4445template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp, class _Compare>
4446inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4447bool
4448binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_, _Compare __comp)
4449{
4450#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4451    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4452    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4453    return __binary_search<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __c);
4454#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4455    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4456    return __binary_search<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __value_, __comp);
4457#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4458}
4459
4460template <class _ForwardIterator, class _Tp>
4461inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4462bool
4463binary_search(_ForwardIterator __first, _ForwardIterator __last, const _Tp& __value_)
4464{
4465    return _VSTD::binary_search(__first, __last, __value_,
4466                             __less<typename iterator_traits<_ForwardIterator>::value_type, _Tp>());
4467}
4468
4469// merge
4470
4471template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
4472_OutputIterator
4473__merge(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
4474        _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
4475{
4476    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__result)
4477    {
4478        if (__first2 == __last2)
4479            return _VSTD::copy(__first1, __last1, __result);
4480        if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
4481        {
4482            *__result = *__first2;
4483            ++__first2;
4484        }
4485        else
4486        {
4487            *__result = *__first1;
4488            ++__first1;
4489        }
4490    }
4491    return _VSTD::copy(__first2, __last2, __result);
4492}
4493
4494template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator, class _Compare>
4495inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4496_OutputIterator
4497merge(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
4498      _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
4499{
4500#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4501    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4502    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4503    return _VSTD::__merge<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __c);
4504#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4505    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4506    return _VSTD::__merge<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __comp);
4507#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4508}
4509
4510template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
4511inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4512_OutputIterator
4513merge(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
4514      _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result)
4515{
4516    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type __v1;
4517    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type __v2;
4518    return merge(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __less<__v1, __v2>());
4519}
4520
4521// inplace_merge
4522
4523template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2,
4524          class _OutputIterator>
4525void __half_inplace_merge(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
4526                          _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2,
4527                          _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
4528{
4529    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__result)
4530    {
4531        if (__first2 == __last2)
4532        {
4533            _VSTD::move(__first1, __last1, __result);
4534            return;
4535        }
4536
4537        if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
4538        {
4539            *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first2);
4540            ++__first2;
4541        }
4542        else
4543        {
4544            *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first1);
4545            ++__first1;
4546        }
4547    }
4548    // __first2 through __last2 are already in the right spot.
4549}
4550
4551template <class _Compare, class _BidirectionalIterator>
4552void
4553__buffered_inplace_merge(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __middle, _BidirectionalIterator __last,
4554                _Compare __comp, typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type __len1,
4555                                 typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type __len2,
4556                typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type* __buff)
4557{
4558    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
4559    __destruct_n __d(0);
4560    unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h2(__buff, __d);
4561    if (__len1 <= __len2)
4562    {
4563        value_type* __p = __buff;
4564        for (_BidirectionalIterator __i = __first; __i != __middle; __d.__incr((value_type*)0), (void) ++__i, ++__p)
4565            ::new(__p) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__i));
4566        __half_inplace_merge(__buff, __p, __middle, __last, __first, __comp);
4567    }
4568    else
4569    {
4570        value_type* __p = __buff;
4571        for (_BidirectionalIterator __i = __middle; __i != __last; __d.__incr((value_type*)0), (void) ++__i, ++__p)
4572            ::new(__p) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__i));
4573        typedef reverse_iterator<_BidirectionalIterator> _RBi;
4574        typedef reverse_iterator<value_type*> _Rv;
4575        __half_inplace_merge(_Rv(__p), _Rv(__buff),
4576                             _RBi(__middle), _RBi(__first),
4577                             _RBi(__last), __negate<_Compare>(__comp));
4578    }
4579}
4580
4581template <class _Compare, class _BidirectionalIterator>
4582void
4583__inplace_merge(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __middle, _BidirectionalIterator __last,
4584                _Compare __comp, typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type __len1,
4585                                 typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type __len2,
4586                typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type* __buff, ptrdiff_t __buff_size)
4587{
4588    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4589    while (true)
4590    {
4591        // if __middle == __last, we're done
4592        if (__len2 == 0)
4593            return;
4594        if (__len1 <= __buff_size || __len2 <= __buff_size)
4595            return __buffered_inplace_merge<_Compare>
4596                   (__first, __middle, __last, __comp, __len1, __len2, __buff);
4597        // shrink [__first, __middle) as much as possible (with no moves), returning if it shrinks to 0
4598        for (; true; ++__first, (void) --__len1)
4599        {
4600            if (__len1 == 0)
4601                return;
4602            if (__comp(*__middle, *__first))
4603                break;
4604        }
4605        // __first < __middle < __last
4606        // *__first > *__middle
4607        // partition [__first, __m1) [__m1, __middle) [__middle, __m2) [__m2, __last) such that
4608        //     all elements in:
4609        //         [__first, __m1)  <= [__middle, __m2)
4610        //         [__middle, __m2) <  [__m1, __middle)
4611        //         [__m1, __middle) <= [__m2, __last)
4612        //     and __m1 or __m2 is in the middle of its range
4613        _BidirectionalIterator __m1;  // "median" of [__first, __middle)
4614        _BidirectionalIterator __m2;  // "median" of [__middle, __last)
4615        difference_type __len11;      // distance(__first, __m1)
4616        difference_type __len21;      // distance(__middle, __m2)
4617        // binary search smaller range
4618        if (__len1 < __len2)
4619        {   // __len >= 1, __len2 >= 2
4620            __len21 = __len2 / 2;
4621            __m2 = __middle;
4622            _VSTD::advance(__m2, __len21);
4623            __m1 = __upper_bound<_Compare>(__first, __middle, *__m2, __comp);
4624            __len11 = _VSTD::distance(__first, __m1);
4625        }
4626        else
4627        {
4628            if (__len1 == 1)
4629            {   // __len1 >= __len2 && __len2 > 0, therefore __len2 == 1
4630                // It is known *__first > *__middle
4631                swap(*__first, *__middle);
4632                return;
4633            }
4634            // __len1 >= 2, __len2 >= 1
4635            __len11 = __len1 / 2;
4636            __m1 = __first;
4637            _VSTD::advance(__m1, __len11);
4638            __m2 = __lower_bound<_Compare>(__middle, __last, *__m1, __comp);
4639            __len21 = _VSTD::distance(__middle, __m2);
4640        }
4641        difference_type __len12 = __len1 - __len11;  // distance(__m1, __middle)
4642        difference_type __len22 = __len2 - __len21;  // distance(__m2, __last)
4643        // [__first, __m1) [__m1, __middle) [__middle, __m2) [__m2, __last)
4644        // swap middle two partitions
4645        __middle = _VSTD::rotate(__m1, __middle, __m2);
4646        // __len12 and __len21 now have swapped meanings
4647        // merge smaller range with recurisve call and larger with tail recursion elimination
4648        if (__len11 + __len21 < __len12 + __len22)
4649        {
4650            __inplace_merge<_Compare>(__first, __m1, __middle, __comp, __len11, __len21, __buff, __buff_size);
4651//          __inplace_merge<_Compare>(__middle, __m2, __last, __comp, __len12, __len22, __buff, __buff_size);
4652            __first = __middle;
4653            __middle = __m2;
4654            __len1 = __len12;
4655            __len2 = __len22;
4656        }
4657        else
4658        {
4659            __inplace_merge<_Compare>(__middle, __m2, __last, __comp, __len12, __len22, __buff, __buff_size);
4660//          __inplace_merge<_Compare>(__first, __m1, __middle, __comp, __len11, __len21, __buff, __buff_size);
4661            __last = __middle;
4662            __middle = __m1;
4663            __len1 = __len11;
4664            __len2 = __len21;
4665        }
4666    }
4667}
4668
4669template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _Compare>
4670inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4671void
4672inplace_merge(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __middle, _BidirectionalIterator __last,
4673              _Compare __comp)
4674{
4675    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
4676    typedef typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4677    difference_type __len1 = _VSTD::distance(__first, __middle);
4678    difference_type __len2 = _VSTD::distance(__middle, __last);
4679    difference_type __buf_size = _VSTD::min(__len1, __len2);
4680    pair<value_type*, ptrdiff_t> __buf = _VSTD::get_temporary_buffer<value_type>(__buf_size);
4681    unique_ptr<value_type, __return_temporary_buffer> __h(__buf.first);
4682
4683#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4684    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4685    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4686    return _VSTD::__inplace_merge<_Comp_ref>(__first, __middle, __last, __c, __len1, __len2,
4687                                            __buf.first, __buf.second);
4688#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4689    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4690    return _VSTD::__inplace_merge<_Comp_ref>(__first, __middle, __last, __comp, __len1, __len2,
4691                                            __buf.first, __buf.second);
4692#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4693}
4694
4695template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
4696inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4697void
4698inplace_merge(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __middle, _BidirectionalIterator __last)
4699{
4700    _VSTD::inplace_merge(__first, __middle, __last,
4701                        __less<typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type>());
4702}
4703
4704// stable_sort
4705
4706template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
4707void
4708__merge_move_construct(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
4709        _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2,
4710        typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type* __result, _Compare __comp)
4711{
4712    typedef typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type value_type;
4713    __destruct_n __d(0);
4714    unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h(__result, __d);
4715    for (; true; ++__result)
4716    {
4717        if (__first1 == __last1)
4718        {
4719            for (; __first2 != __last2; ++__first2, ++__result, __d.__incr((value_type*)0))
4720                ::new (__result) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first2));
4721            __h.release();
4722            return;
4723        }
4724        if (__first2 == __last2)
4725        {
4726            for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, ++__result, __d.__incr((value_type*)0))
4727                ::new (__result) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
4728            __h.release();
4729            return;
4730        }
4731        if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
4732        {
4733            ::new (__result) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first2));
4734            __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
4735            ++__first2;
4736        }
4737        else
4738        {
4739            ::new (__result) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
4740            __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
4741            ++__first1;
4742        }
4743    }
4744}
4745
4746template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
4747void
4748__merge_move_assign(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
4749        _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2,
4750        _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
4751{
4752    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__result)
4753    {
4754        if (__first2 == __last2)
4755        {
4756            for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__first1, ++__result)
4757                *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first1);
4758            return;
4759        }
4760        if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
4761        {
4762            *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first2);
4763            ++__first2;
4764        }
4765        else
4766        {
4767            *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first1);
4768            ++__first1;
4769        }
4770    }
4771    for (; __first2 != __last2; ++__first2, ++__result)
4772        *__result = _VSTD::move(*__first2);
4773}
4774
4775template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
4776void
4777__stable_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp,
4778              typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len,
4779              typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type* __buff, ptrdiff_t __buff_size);
4780
4781template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
4782void
4783__stable_sort_move(_RandomAccessIterator __first1, _RandomAccessIterator __last1, _Compare __comp,
4784                   typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len,
4785                   typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type* __first2)
4786{
4787    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
4788    switch (__len)
4789    {
4790    case 0:
4791        return;
4792    case 1:
4793        ::new(__first2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
4794        return;
4795    case 2:
4796       __destruct_n __d(0);
4797        unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h2(__first2, __d);
4798         if (__comp(*--__last1, *__first1))
4799        {
4800            ::new(__first2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__last1));
4801            __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
4802            ++__first2;
4803            ::new(__first2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
4804        }
4805        else
4806        {
4807            ::new(__first2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__first1));
4808            __d.__incr((value_type*)0);
4809            ++__first2;
4810            ::new(__first2) value_type(_VSTD::move(*__last1));
4811        }
4812        __h2.release();
4813        return;
4814    }
4815    if (__len <= 8)
4816    {
4817        __insertion_sort_move<_Compare>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __comp);
4818        return;
4819    }
4820    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __l2 = __len / 2;
4821    _RandomAccessIterator __m = __first1 + __l2;
4822    __stable_sort<_Compare>(__first1, __m, __comp, __l2, __first2, __l2);
4823    __stable_sort<_Compare>(__m, __last1, __comp, __len - __l2, __first2 + __l2, __len - __l2);
4824    __merge_move_construct<_Compare>(__first1, __m, __m, __last1, __first2, __comp);
4825}
4826
4827template <class _Tp>
4828struct __stable_sort_switch
4829{
4830    static const unsigned value = 128*is_trivially_copy_assignable<_Tp>::value;
4831};
4832
4833template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
4834void
4835__stable_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp,
4836              typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len,
4837              typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type* __buff, ptrdiff_t __buff_size)
4838{
4839    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
4840    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4841    switch (__len)
4842    {
4843    case 0:
4844    case 1:
4845        return;
4846    case 2:
4847        if (__comp(*--__last, *__first))
4848            swap(*__first, *__last);
4849        return;
4850    }
4851    if (__len <= static_cast<difference_type>(__stable_sort_switch<value_type>::value))
4852    {
4853        __insertion_sort<_Compare>(__first, __last, __comp);
4854        return;
4855    }
4856    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __l2 = __len / 2;
4857    _RandomAccessIterator __m = __first + __l2;
4858    if (__len <= __buff_size)
4859    {
4860        __destruct_n __d(0);
4861        unique_ptr<value_type, __destruct_n&> __h2(__buff, __d);
4862        __stable_sort_move<_Compare>(__first, __m, __comp, __l2, __buff);
4863        __d.__set(__l2, (value_type*)0);
4864        __stable_sort_move<_Compare>(__m, __last, __comp, __len - __l2, __buff + __l2);
4865        __d.__set(__len, (value_type*)0);
4866        __merge_move_assign<_Compare>(__buff, __buff + __l2, __buff + __l2, __buff + __len, __first, __comp);
4867//         __merge<_Compare>(move_iterator<value_type*>(__buff),
4868//                           move_iterator<value_type*>(__buff + __l2),
4869//                           move_iterator<_RandomAccessIterator>(__buff + __l2),
4870//                           move_iterator<_RandomAccessIterator>(__buff + __len),
4871//                           __first, __comp);
4872        return;
4873    }
4874    __stable_sort<_Compare>(__first, __m, __comp, __l2, __buff, __buff_size);
4875    __stable_sort<_Compare>(__m, __last, __comp, __len - __l2, __buff, __buff_size);
4876    __inplace_merge<_Compare>(__first, __m, __last, __comp, __l2, __len - __l2, __buff, __buff_size);
4877}
4878
4879template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
4880inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4881void
4882stable_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
4883{
4884    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
4885    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4886    difference_type __len = __last - __first;
4887    pair<value_type*, ptrdiff_t> __buf(0, 0);
4888    unique_ptr<value_type, __return_temporary_buffer> __h;
4889    if (__len > static_cast<difference_type>(__stable_sort_switch<value_type>::value))
4890    {
4891        __buf = _VSTD::get_temporary_buffer<value_type>(__len);
4892        __h.reset(__buf.first);
4893    }
4894#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4895    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
4896    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
4897    __stable_sort<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c, __len, __buf.first, __buf.second);
4898#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4899    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
4900    __stable_sort<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp, __len, __buf.first, __buf.second);
4901#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
4902}
4903
4904template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
4905inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4906void
4907stable_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
4908{
4909    _VSTD::stable_sort(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
4910}
4911
4912// is_heap_until
4913
4914template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
4915_RandomAccessIterator
4916is_heap_until(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
4917{
4918    typedef typename _VSTD::iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
4919    difference_type __len = __last - __first;
4920    difference_type __p = 0;
4921    difference_type __c = 1;
4922    _RandomAccessIterator __pp = __first;
4923    while (__c < __len)
4924    {
4925        _RandomAccessIterator __cp = __first + __c;
4926        if (__comp(*__pp, *__cp))
4927            return __cp;
4928        ++__c;
4929        ++__cp;
4930        if (__c == __len)
4931            return __last;
4932        if (__comp(*__pp, *__cp))
4933            return __cp;
4934        ++__p;
4935        ++__pp;
4936        __c = 2 * __p + 1;
4937    }
4938    return __last;
4939}
4940
4941template<class _RandomAccessIterator>
4942inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4943_RandomAccessIterator
4944is_heap_until(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
4945{
4946    return _VSTD::is_heap_until(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
4947}
4948
4949// is_heap
4950
4951template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
4952inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4953bool
4954is_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
4955{
4956    return _VSTD::is_heap_until(__first, __last, __comp) == __last;
4957}
4958
4959template<class _RandomAccessIterator>
4960inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4961bool
4962is_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
4963{
4964    return _VSTD::is_heap(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
4965}
4966
4967// push_heap
4968
4969template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
4970void
4971__sift_up(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp,
4972          typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len)
4973{
4974    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
4975    if (__len > 1)
4976    {
4977        __len = (__len - 2) / 2;
4978        _RandomAccessIterator __ptr = __first + __len;
4979        if (__comp(*__ptr, *--__last))
4980        {
4981            value_type __t(_VSTD::move(*__last));
4982            do
4983            {
4984                *__last = _VSTD::move(*__ptr);
4985                __last = __ptr;
4986                if (__len == 0)
4987                    break;
4988                __len = (__len - 1) / 2;
4989                __ptr = __first + __len;
4990            } while (__comp(*__ptr, __t));
4991            *__last = _VSTD::move(__t);
4992        }
4993    }
4994}
4995
4996template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
4997inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
4998void
4999push_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5000{
5001#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5002    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5003    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5004    __sift_up<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c, __last - __first);
5005#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5006    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5007    __sift_up<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp, __last - __first);
5008#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5009}
5010
5011template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
5012inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5013void
5014push_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
5015{
5016    _VSTD::push_heap(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5017}
5018
5019// pop_heap
5020
5021template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5022void
5023__sift_down(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator /*__last*/,
5024            _Compare __comp,
5025            typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len,
5026            _RandomAccessIterator __start)
5027{
5028    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
5029    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type value_type;
5030    // left-child of __start is at 2 * __start + 1
5031    // right-child of __start is at 2 * __start + 2
5032    difference_type __child = __start - __first;
5033
5034    if (__len < 2 || (__len - 2) / 2 < __child)
5035        return;
5036
5037    __child = 2 * __child + 1;
5038    _RandomAccessIterator __child_i = __first + __child;
5039
5040    if ((__child + 1) < __len && __comp(*__child_i, *(__child_i + 1))) {
5041        // right-child exists and is greater than left-child
5042        ++__child_i;
5043        ++__child;
5044    }
5045
5046    // check if we are in heap-order
5047    if (__comp(*__child_i, *__start))
5048        // we are, __start is larger than it's largest child
5049        return;
5050
5051    value_type __top(_VSTD::move(*__start));
5052    do
5053    {
5054        // we are not in heap-order, swap the parent with it's largest child
5055        *__start = _VSTD::move(*__child_i);
5056        __start = __child_i;
5057
5058        if ((__len - 2) / 2 < __child)
5059            break;
5060
5061        // recompute the child based off of the updated parent
5062        __child = 2 * __child + 1;
5063        __child_i = __first + __child;
5064
5065        if ((__child + 1) < __len && __comp(*__child_i, *(__child_i + 1))) {
5066            // right-child exists and is greater than left-child
5067            ++__child_i;
5068            ++__child;
5069        }
5070
5071        // check if we are in heap-order
5072    } while (!__comp(*__child_i, __top));
5073    *__start = _VSTD::move(__top);
5074}
5075
5076template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5077inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5078void
5079__pop_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp,
5080           typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len)
5081{
5082    if (__len > 1)
5083    {
5084        swap(*__first, *--__last);
5085        __sift_down<_Compare>(__first, __last, __comp, __len - 1, __first);
5086    }
5087}
5088
5089template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
5090inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5091void
5092pop_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5093{
5094#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5095    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5096    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5097    __pop_heap<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c, __last - __first);
5098#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5099    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5100    __pop_heap<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp, __last - __first);
5101#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5102}
5103
5104template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
5105inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5106void
5107pop_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
5108{
5109    _VSTD::pop_heap(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5110}
5111
5112// make_heap
5113
5114template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5115void
5116__make_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5117{
5118    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
5119    difference_type __n = __last - __first;
5120    if (__n > 1)
5121    {
5122        // start from the first parent, there is no need to consider children
5123        for (difference_type __start = (__n - 2) / 2; __start >= 0; --__start)
5124        {
5125            __sift_down<_Compare>(__first, __last, __comp, __n, __first + __start);
5126        }
5127    }
5128}
5129
5130template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
5131inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5132void
5133make_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5134{
5135#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5136    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5137    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5138    __make_heap<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c);
5139#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5140    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5141    __make_heap<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp);
5142#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5143}
5144
5145template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
5146inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5147void
5148make_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
5149{
5150    _VSTD::make_heap(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5151}
5152
5153// sort_heap
5154
5155template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5156void
5157__sort_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5158{
5159    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
5160    for (difference_type __n = __last - __first; __n > 1; --__last, --__n)
5161        __pop_heap<_Compare>(__first, __last, __comp, __n);
5162}
5163
5164template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
5165inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5166void
5167sort_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5168{
5169#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5170    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5171    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5172    __sort_heap<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c);
5173#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5174    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5175    __sort_heap<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp);
5176#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5177}
5178
5179template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
5180inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5181void
5182sort_heap(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
5183{
5184    _VSTD::sort_heap(__first, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5185}
5186
5187// partial_sort
5188
5189template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5190void
5191__partial_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __middle, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
5192             _Compare __comp)
5193{
5194    __make_heap<_Compare>(__first, __middle, __comp);
5195    typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len = __middle - __first;
5196    for (_RandomAccessIterator __i = __middle; __i != __last; ++__i)
5197    {
5198        if (__comp(*__i, *__first))
5199        {
5200            swap(*__i, *__first);
5201            __sift_down<_Compare>(__first, __middle, __comp, __len, __first);
5202        }
5203    }
5204    __sort_heap<_Compare>(__first, __middle, __comp);
5205}
5206
5207template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
5208inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5209void
5210partial_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __middle, _RandomAccessIterator __last,
5211             _Compare __comp)
5212{
5213#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5214    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5215    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5216    __partial_sort<_Comp_ref>(__first, __middle, __last, __c);
5217#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5218    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5219    __partial_sort<_Comp_ref>(__first, __middle, __last, __comp);
5220#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5221}
5222
5223template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
5224inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5225void
5226partial_sort(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __middle, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
5227{
5228    _VSTD::partial_sort(__first, __middle, __last,
5229                       __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5230}
5231
5232// partial_sort_copy
5233
5234template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5235_RandomAccessIterator
5236__partial_sort_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
5237                    _RandomAccessIterator __result_first, _RandomAccessIterator __result_last, _Compare __comp)
5238{
5239    _RandomAccessIterator __r = __result_first;
5240    if (__r != __result_last)
5241    {
5242        for (; __first != __last && __r != __result_last; (void) ++__first, ++__r)
5243            *__r = *__first;
5244        __make_heap<_Compare>(__result_first, __r, __comp);
5245        typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type __len = __r - __result_first;
5246        for (; __first != __last; ++__first)
5247            if (__comp(*__first, *__result_first))
5248            {
5249                *__result_first = *__first;
5250                __sift_down<_Compare>(__result_first, __r, __comp, __len, __result_first);
5251            }
5252        __sort_heap<_Compare>(__result_first, __r, __comp);
5253    }
5254    return __r;
5255}
5256
5257template <class _InputIterator, class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
5258inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5259_RandomAccessIterator
5260partial_sort_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
5261                  _RandomAccessIterator __result_first, _RandomAccessIterator __result_last, _Compare __comp)
5262{
5263#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5264    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5265    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5266    return __partial_sort_copy<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __result_first, __result_last, __c);
5267#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5268    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5269    return __partial_sort_copy<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __result_first, __result_last, __comp);
5270#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5271}
5272
5273template <class _InputIterator, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5274inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5275_RandomAccessIterator
5276partial_sort_copy(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last,
5277                  _RandomAccessIterator __result_first, _RandomAccessIterator __result_last)
5278{
5279    return _VSTD::partial_sort_copy(__first, __last, __result_first, __result_last,
5280                                   __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5281}
5282
5283// nth_element
5284
5285template <class _Compare, class _RandomAccessIterator>
5286void
5287__nth_element(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __nth, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5288{
5289    // _Compare is known to be a reference type
5290    typedef typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type difference_type;
5291    const difference_type __limit = 7;
5292    while (true)
5293    {
5294    __restart:
5295        if (__nth == __last)
5296            return;
5297        difference_type __len = __last - __first;
5298        switch (__len)
5299        {
5300        case 0:
5301        case 1:
5302            return;
5303        case 2:
5304            if (__comp(*--__last, *__first))
5305                swap(*__first, *__last);
5306            return;
5307        case 3:
5308            {
5309            _RandomAccessIterator __m = __first;
5310            _VSTD::__sort3<_Compare>(__first, ++__m, --__last, __comp);
5311            return;
5312            }
5313        }
5314        if (__len <= __limit)
5315        {
5316            __selection_sort<_Compare>(__first, __last, __comp);
5317            return;
5318        }
5319        // __len > __limit >= 3
5320        _RandomAccessIterator __m = __first + __len/2;
5321        _RandomAccessIterator __lm1 = __last;
5322        unsigned __n_swaps = _VSTD::__sort3<_Compare>(__first, __m, --__lm1, __comp);
5323        // *__m is median
5324        // partition [__first, __m) < *__m and *__m <= [__m, __last)
5325        // (this inhibits tossing elements equivalent to __m around unnecessarily)
5326        _RandomAccessIterator __i = __first;
5327        _RandomAccessIterator __j = __lm1;
5328        // j points beyond range to be tested, *__lm1 is known to be <= *__m
5329        // The search going up is known to be guarded but the search coming down isn't.
5330        // Prime the downward search with a guard.
5331        if (!__comp(*__i, *__m))  // if *__first == *__m
5332        {
5333            // *__first == *__m, *__first doesn't go in first part
5334            // manually guard downward moving __j against __i
5335            while (true)
5336            {
5337                if (__i == --__j)
5338                {
5339                    // *__first == *__m, *__m <= all other elements
5340                    // Parition instead into [__first, __i) == *__first and *__first < [__i, __last)
5341                    ++__i;  // __first + 1
5342                    __j = __last;
5343                    if (!__comp(*__first, *--__j))  // we need a guard if *__first == *(__last-1)
5344                    {
5345                        while (true)
5346                        {
5347                            if (__i == __j)
5348                                return;  // [__first, __last) all equivalent elements
5349                            if (__comp(*__first, *__i))
5350                            {
5351                                swap(*__i, *__j);
5352                                ++__n_swaps;
5353                                ++__i;
5354                                break;
5355                            }
5356                            ++__i;
5357                        }
5358                    }
5359                    // [__first, __i) == *__first and *__first < [__j, __last) and __j == __last - 1
5360                    if (__i == __j)
5361                        return;
5362                    while (true)
5363                    {
5364                        while (!__comp(*__first, *__i))
5365                            ++__i;
5366                        while (__comp(*__first, *--__j))
5367                            ;
5368                        if (__i >= __j)
5369                            break;
5370                        swap(*__i, *__j);
5371                        ++__n_swaps;
5372                        ++__i;
5373                    }
5374                    // [__first, __i) == *__first and *__first < [__i, __last)
5375                    // The first part is sorted,
5376                    if (__nth < __i)
5377                        return;
5378                    // __nth_element the secod part
5379                    // __nth_element<_Compare>(__i, __nth, __last, __comp);
5380                    __first = __i;
5381                    goto __restart;
5382                }
5383                if (__comp(*__j, *__m))
5384                {
5385                    swap(*__i, *__j);
5386                    ++__n_swaps;
5387                    break;  // found guard for downward moving __j, now use unguarded partition
5388                }
5389            }
5390        }
5391        ++__i;
5392        // j points beyond range to be tested, *__lm1 is known to be <= *__m
5393        // if not yet partitioned...
5394        if (__i < __j)
5395        {
5396            // known that *(__i - 1) < *__m
5397            while (true)
5398            {
5399                // __m still guards upward moving __i
5400                while (__comp(*__i, *__m))
5401                    ++__i;
5402                // It is now known that a guard exists for downward moving __j
5403                while (!__comp(*--__j, *__m))
5404                    ;
5405                if (__i >= __j)
5406                    break;
5407                swap(*__i, *__j);
5408                ++__n_swaps;
5409                // It is known that __m != __j
5410                // If __m just moved, follow it
5411                if (__m == __i)
5412                    __m = __j;
5413                ++__i;
5414            }
5415        }
5416        // [__first, __i) < *__m and *__m <= [__i, __last)
5417        if (__i != __m && __comp(*__m, *__i))
5418        {
5419            swap(*__i, *__m);
5420            ++__n_swaps;
5421        }
5422        // [__first, __i) < *__i and *__i <= [__i+1, __last)
5423        if (__nth == __i)
5424            return;
5425        if (__n_swaps == 0)
5426        {
5427            // We were given a perfectly partitioned sequence.  Coincidence?
5428            if (__nth < __i)
5429            {
5430                // Check for [__first, __i) already sorted
5431                __j = __m = __first;
5432                while (++__j != __i)
5433                {
5434                    if (__comp(*__j, *__m))
5435                        // not yet sorted, so sort
5436                        goto not_sorted;
5437                    __m = __j;
5438                }
5439                // [__first, __i) sorted
5440                return;
5441            }
5442            else
5443            {
5444                // Check for [__i, __last) already sorted
5445                __j = __m = __i;
5446                while (++__j != __last)
5447                {
5448                    if (__comp(*__j, *__m))
5449                        // not yet sorted, so sort
5450                        goto not_sorted;
5451                    __m = __j;
5452                }
5453                // [__i, __last) sorted
5454                return;
5455            }
5456        }
5457not_sorted:
5458        // __nth_element on range containing __nth
5459        if (__nth < __i)
5460        {
5461            // __nth_element<_Compare>(__first, __nth, __i, __comp);
5462            __last = __i;
5463        }
5464        else
5465        {
5466            // __nth_element<_Compare>(__i+1, __nth, __last, __comp);
5467            __first = ++__i;
5468        }
5469    }
5470}
5471
5472template <class _RandomAccessIterator, class _Compare>
5473inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5474void
5475nth_element(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __nth, _RandomAccessIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5476{
5477#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5478    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5479    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5480    __nth_element<_Comp_ref>(__first, __nth, __last, __c);
5481#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5482    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5483    __nth_element<_Comp_ref>(__first, __nth, __last, __comp);
5484#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5485}
5486
5487template <class _RandomAccessIterator>
5488inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5489void
5490nth_element(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __nth, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
5491{
5492    _VSTD::nth_element(__first, __nth, __last, __less<typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIterator>::value_type>());
5493}
5494
5495// includes
5496
5497template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
5498bool
5499__includes(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2,
5500           _Compare __comp)
5501{
5502    for (; __first2 != __last2; ++__first1)
5503    {
5504        if (__first1 == __last1 || __comp(*__first2, *__first1))
5505            return false;
5506        if (!__comp(*__first1, *__first2))
5507            ++__first2;
5508    }
5509    return true;
5510}
5511
5512template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _Compare>
5513inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5514bool
5515includes(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2,
5516         _Compare __comp)
5517{
5518#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5519    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5520    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5521    return __includes<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __c);
5522#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5523    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5524    return __includes<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __comp);
5525#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5526}
5527
5528template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
5529inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5530bool
5531includes(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1, _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2)
5532{
5533    return _VSTD::includes(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2,
5534                          __less<typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type,
5535                                 typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type>());
5536}
5537
5538// set_union
5539
5540template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5541_OutputIterator
5542__set_union(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5543            _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5544{
5545    for (; __first1 != __last1; ++__result)
5546    {
5547        if (__first2 == __last2)
5548            return _VSTD::copy(__first1, __last1, __result);
5549        if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
5550        {
5551            *__result = *__first2;
5552            ++__first2;
5553        }
5554        else
5555        {
5556            *__result = *__first1;
5557            if (!__comp(*__first1, *__first2))
5558                ++__first2;
5559            ++__first1;
5560        }
5561    }
5562    return _VSTD::copy(__first2, __last2, __result);
5563}
5564
5565template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator, class _Compare>
5566inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5567_OutputIterator
5568set_union(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5569          _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5570{
5571#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5572    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5573    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5574    return __set_union<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __c);
5575#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5576    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5577    return __set_union<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __comp);
5578#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5579}
5580
5581template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5582inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5583_OutputIterator
5584set_union(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5585          _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result)
5586{
5587    return _VSTD::set_union(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result,
5588                          __less<typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type,
5589                                 typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type>());
5590}
5591
5592// set_intersection
5593
5594template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5595_OutputIterator
5596__set_intersection(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5597                   _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5598{
5599    while (__first1 != __last1 && __first2 != __last2)
5600    {
5601        if (__comp(*__first1, *__first2))
5602            ++__first1;
5603        else
5604        {
5605            if (!__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
5606            {
5607                *__result = *__first1;
5608                ++__result;
5609                ++__first1;
5610            }
5611            ++__first2;
5612        }
5613    }
5614    return __result;
5615}
5616
5617template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator, class _Compare>
5618inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5619_OutputIterator
5620set_intersection(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5621                 _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5622{
5623#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5624    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5625    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5626    return __set_intersection<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __c);
5627#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5628    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5629    return __set_intersection<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __comp);
5630#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5631}
5632
5633template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5634inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5635_OutputIterator
5636set_intersection(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5637                 _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result)
5638{
5639    return _VSTD::set_intersection(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result,
5640                                  __less<typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type,
5641                                         typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type>());
5642}
5643
5644// set_difference
5645
5646template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5647_OutputIterator
5648__set_difference(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5649                 _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5650{
5651    while (__first1 != __last1)
5652    {
5653        if (__first2 == __last2)
5654            return _VSTD::copy(__first1, __last1, __result);
5655        if (__comp(*__first1, *__first2))
5656        {
5657            *__result = *__first1;
5658            ++__result;
5659            ++__first1;
5660        }
5661        else
5662        {
5663            if (!__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
5664                ++__first1;
5665            ++__first2;
5666        }
5667    }
5668    return __result;
5669}
5670
5671template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator, class _Compare>
5672inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5673_OutputIterator
5674set_difference(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5675               _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5676{
5677#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5678    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5679    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5680    return __set_difference<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __c);
5681#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5682    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5683    return __set_difference<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __comp);
5684#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5685}
5686
5687template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5688inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5689_OutputIterator
5690set_difference(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5691               _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result)
5692{
5693    return _VSTD::set_difference(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result,
5694                                __less<typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type,
5695                                       typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type>());
5696}
5697
5698// set_symmetric_difference
5699
5700template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5701_OutputIterator
5702__set_symmetric_difference(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5703                           _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5704{
5705    while (__first1 != __last1)
5706    {
5707        if (__first2 == __last2)
5708            return _VSTD::copy(__first1, __last1, __result);
5709        if (__comp(*__first1, *__first2))
5710        {
5711            *__result = *__first1;
5712            ++__result;
5713            ++__first1;
5714        }
5715        else
5716        {
5717            if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
5718            {
5719                *__result = *__first2;
5720                ++__result;
5721            }
5722            else
5723                ++__first1;
5724            ++__first2;
5725        }
5726    }
5727    return _VSTD::copy(__first2, __last2, __result);
5728}
5729
5730template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator, class _Compare>
5731inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5732_OutputIterator
5733set_symmetric_difference(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5734                         _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result, _Compare __comp)
5735{
5736#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5737    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5738    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5739    return __set_symmetric_difference<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __c);
5740#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5741    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5742    return __set_symmetric_difference<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result, __comp);
5743#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5744}
5745
5746template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _OutputIterator>
5747inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5748_OutputIterator
5749set_symmetric_difference(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5750                         _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _OutputIterator __result)
5751{
5752    return _VSTD::set_symmetric_difference(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __result,
5753                                          __less<typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type,
5754                                                 typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type>());
5755}
5756
5757// lexicographical_compare
5758
5759template <class _Compare, class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
5760bool
5761__lexicographical_compare(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5762                          _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _Compare __comp)
5763{
5764    for (; __first2 != __last2; ++__first1, (void) ++__first2)
5765    {
5766        if (__first1 == __last1 || __comp(*__first1, *__first2))
5767            return true;
5768        if (__comp(*__first2, *__first1))
5769            return false;
5770    }
5771    return false;
5772}
5773
5774template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2, class _Compare>
5775inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5776bool
5777lexicographical_compare(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5778                        _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2, _Compare __comp)
5779{
5780#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5781    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5782    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5783    return __lexicographical_compare<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __c);
5784#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5785    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5786    return __lexicographical_compare<_Comp_ref>(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2, __comp);
5787#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5788}
5789
5790template <class _InputIterator1, class _InputIterator2>
5791inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5792bool
5793lexicographical_compare(_InputIterator1 __first1, _InputIterator1 __last1,
5794                        _InputIterator2 __first2, _InputIterator2 __last2)
5795{
5796    return _VSTD::lexicographical_compare(__first1, __last1, __first2, __last2,
5797                                         __less<typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator1>::value_type,
5798                                                typename iterator_traits<_InputIterator2>::value_type>());
5799}
5800
5801// next_permutation
5802
5803template <class _Compare, class _BidirectionalIterator>
5804bool
5805__next_permutation(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5806{
5807    _BidirectionalIterator __i = __last;
5808    if (__first == __last || __first == --__i)
5809        return false;
5810    while (true)
5811    {
5812        _BidirectionalIterator __ip1 = __i;
5813        if (__comp(*--__i, *__ip1))
5814        {
5815            _BidirectionalIterator __j = __last;
5816            while (!__comp(*__i, *--__j))
5817                ;
5818            swap(*__i, *__j);
5819            _VSTD::reverse(__ip1, __last);
5820            return true;
5821        }
5822        if (__i == __first)
5823        {
5824            _VSTD::reverse(__first, __last);
5825            return false;
5826        }
5827    }
5828}
5829
5830template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _Compare>
5831inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5832bool
5833next_permutation(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5834{
5835#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5836    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5837    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5838    return __next_permutation<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c);
5839#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5840    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5841    return __next_permutation<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp);
5842#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5843}
5844
5845template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
5846inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5847bool
5848next_permutation(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last)
5849{
5850    return _VSTD::next_permutation(__first, __last,
5851                                  __less<typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type>());
5852}
5853
5854// prev_permutation
5855
5856template <class _Compare, class _BidirectionalIterator>
5857bool
5858__prev_permutation(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5859{
5860    _BidirectionalIterator __i = __last;
5861    if (__first == __last || __first == --__i)
5862        return false;
5863    while (true)
5864    {
5865        _BidirectionalIterator __ip1 = __i;
5866        if (__comp(*__ip1, *--__i))
5867        {
5868            _BidirectionalIterator __j = __last;
5869            while (!__comp(*--__j, *__i))
5870                ;
5871            swap(*__i, *__j);
5872            _VSTD::reverse(__ip1, __last);
5873            return true;
5874        }
5875        if (__i == __first)
5876        {
5877            _VSTD::reverse(__first, __last);
5878            return false;
5879        }
5880    }
5881}
5882
5883template <class _BidirectionalIterator, class _Compare>
5884inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5885bool
5886prev_permutation(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last, _Compare __comp)
5887{
5888#ifdef _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5889    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<__debug_less<_Compare> >::type _Comp_ref;
5890    __debug_less<_Compare> __c(__comp);
5891    return __prev_permutation<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __c);
5892#else  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5893    typedef typename add_lvalue_reference<_Compare>::type _Comp_ref;
5894    return __prev_permutation<_Comp_ref>(__first, __last, __comp);
5895#endif  // _LIBCPP_DEBUG
5896}
5897
5898template <class _BidirectionalIterator>
5899inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
5900bool
5901prev_permutation(_BidirectionalIterator __first, _BidirectionalIterator __last)
5902{
5903    return _VSTD::prev_permutation(__first, __last,
5904                                  __less<typename iterator_traits<_BidirectionalIterator>::value_type>());
5905}
5906
5907_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
5908
5909_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
5910
5911#endif  // _LIBCPP_ALGORITHM
5912