xref: /f-stack/tools/sysctl/sysctl.c (revision 7abd0fb2)

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1993
 *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2017 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *  Derived in part from FreeBSD's /sbin/sysctl/sysctl.c.
 */

#ifndef lint
static const char copyright[] =
"@(#) Copyright (c) 1993\n\
    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.\n";
#endif /* not lint */

#ifndef lint
#if 0
static char sccsid[] = "@(#)from: sysctl.c    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/6/93";
#endif
static const char rcsid[] = "$FreeBSD$";
#endif /* not lint */

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <err.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "ff_ipc.h"

/*
 * Definitions for sysctl call.  The sysctl call uses a hierarchical name
 * for objects that can be examined or modified.  The name is expressed as
 * a sequence of integers.  Like a file path name, the meaning of each
 * component depends on its place in the hierarchy.  The top-level and kern
 * identifiers are defined here, and other identifiers are defined in the
 * respective subsystem header files.
 */

#define CTL_MAXNAME       24    /* largest number of components supported */

#define CTLTYPE           0xf    /* mask for the type */
#define CTLTYPE_NODE      1    /* name is a node */
#define CTLTYPE_INT       2    /* name describes an integer */
#define CTLTYPE_STRING    3    /* name describes a string */
#define CTLTYPE_S64       4    /* name describes a signed 64-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_OPAQUE    5    /* name describes a structure */
#define CTLTYPE_STRUCT    CTLTYPE_OPAQUE    /* name describes a structure */
#define CTLTYPE_UINT      6    /* name describes an unsigned integer */
#define CTLTYPE_LONG      7    /* name describes a long */
#define CTLTYPE_ULONG     8    /* name describes an unsigned long */
#define CTLTYPE_U64       9    /* name describes an unsigned 64-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_U8        0xa  /* name describes an unsigned 8-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_U16       0xb  /* name describes an unsigned 16-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_S8        0xc  /* name describes a signed 8-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_S16       0xd  /* name describes a signed 16-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_S32       0xe  /* name describes a signed 32-bit number */
#define CTLTYPE_U32       0xf  /* name describes an unsigned 32-bit number */

#define CTLFLAG_RD        0x80000000    /* Allow reads of variable */
#define CTLFLAG_WR        0x40000000    /* Allow writes to the variable */
#define CTLFLAG_RW        (CTLFLAG_RD|CTLFLAG_WR)
#define CTLFLAG_ANYBODY   0x10000000    /* All users can set this var */
#define CTLFLAG_SECURE    0x08000000    /* Permit set only if securelevel<=0 */
#define CTLFLAG_PRISON    0x04000000    /* Prisoned roots can fiddle */
#define CTLFLAG_DYN       0x02000000    /* Dynamic oid - can be freed */
#define CTLFLAG_SKIP      0x01000000    /* Skip this sysctl when listing */
#define CTLMASK_SECURE    0x00F00000    /* Secure level */
#define CTLFLAG_TUN       0x00080000    /* Default value is loaded from getenv() */
#define CTLFLAG_RDTUN     (CTLFLAG_RD|CTLFLAG_TUN)
#define CTLFLAG_RWTUN     (CTLFLAG_RW|CTLFLAG_TUN)
#define CTLFLAG_MPSAFE    0x00040000    /* Handler is MP safe */
#define CTLFLAG_VNET      0x00020000    /* Prisons with vnet can fiddle */
#define CTLFLAG_DYING     0x00010000    /* Oid is being removed */
#define CTLFLAG_CAPRD     0x00008000    /* Can be read in capability mode */
#define CTLFLAG_CAPWR     0x00004000    /* Can be written in capability mode */
#define CTLFLAG_STATS     0x00002000    /* Statistics, not a tuneable */
#define CTLFLAG_NOFETCH   0x00001000    /* Don't fetch tunable from getenv() */
#define CTLFLAG_CAPRW    (CTLFLAG_CAPRD|CTLFLAG_CAPWR)


struct clockinfo {
    int hz;        /* clock frequency */
    int tick;      /* micro-seconds per hz tick */
    int spare;
    int stathz;    /* statistics clock frequency */
    int profhz;    /* profiling clock frequency */
};

struct loadavg {
    __uint32_t ldavg[3];
    long fscale;
};

/* Structure extended to include extended attribute field in ACPI 3.0. */
struct bios_smap_xattr {
    u_int64_t base;
    u_int64_t length;
    u_int32_t type;
    u_int32_t xattr;
} __packed;

/* systemwide totals computed every five seconds */
struct vmtotal {
    int16_t t_rq;        /* length of the run queue */
    int16_t t_dw;        /* jobs in ``disk wait'' (neg priority) */
    int16_t t_pw;        /* jobs in page wait */
    int16_t t_sl;        /* jobs sleeping in core */
    int16_t t_sw;        /* swapped out runnable/short block jobs */
    int32_t t_vm;        /* total virtual memory */
    int32_t t_avm;       /* active virtual memory */
    int32_t t_rm;        /* total real memory in use */
    int32_t t_arm;       /* active real memory */
    int32_t t_vmshr;     /* shared virtual memory */
    int32_t t_avmshr;    /* active shared virtual memory */
    int32_t t_rmshr;     /* shared real memory */
    int32_t t_armshr;    /* active shared real memory */
    int32_t t_free;      /* free memory pages */
};

struct efi_md {
    uint32_t md_type;
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_NULL    0
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_CODE    1   /* Loader text. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_DATA    2   /* Loader data. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_BS_CODE 3   /* Boot services text. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_BS_DATA 4   /* Boot services data. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_RT_CODE 5   /* Runtime services text. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_RT_DATA 6   /* Runtime services data. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_FREE    7   /* Unused/free memory. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_BAD     8   /* Bad memory */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_RECLAIM 9   /* ACPI reclaimable memory. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_FIRMWARE    10  /* ACPI NV memory */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_IOMEM   11  /* Memory-mapped I/O. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_IOPORT  12  /* I/O port space. */
#define EFI_MD_TYPE_PALCODE 13  /* PAL */
    uint32_t __pad;
    uint64_t md_phys;
    void *md_virt;
    uint64_t md_pages;
    uint64_t md_attr;
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_UC      0x0000000000000001UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_WC      0x0000000000000002UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_WT      0x0000000000000004UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_WB      0x0000000000000008UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_UCE     0x0000000000000010UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_WP      0x0000000000001000UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_RP      0x0000000000002000UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_XP      0x0000000000004000UL
#define EFI_MD_ATTR_RT      0x8000000000000000UL
};

struct efi_map_header {
    uint64_t memory_size;
    uint64_t descriptor_size;
    uint32_t descriptor_version;
};

static const char *conffile;

static int aflag, bflag, Bflag, dflag, eflag, hflag, iflag;
static int Nflag, nflag, oflag, qflag, tflag, Tflag, Wflag, xflag;
static uint16_t proc_id;

static int oidfmt(int *, int, char *, u_int *);
static int parsefile(const char *);
static int parse(const char *, int);
static int show_var(int *, int);
static int sysctl_all(int *oid, int len);
static int name2oid(const char *, int *);

static int strIKtoi(const char *, char **, const char *);

static int sysctl_ipc(int *name, unsigned namelen, void *old,
    size_t *oldlenp, const void *new, size_t newlen);

static int ctl_sign[CTLTYPE+1] = {
    [CTLTYPE_INT] = 1,
    [CTLTYPE_LONG] = 1,
    [CTLTYPE_S8] = 1,
    [CTLTYPE_S16] = 1,
    [CTLTYPE_S32] = 1,
    [CTLTYPE_S64] = 1,
};

static int ctl_size[CTLTYPE+1] = {
    [CTLTYPE_INT] = sizeof(int),
    [CTLTYPE_UINT] = sizeof(u_int),
    [CTLTYPE_LONG] = sizeof(long),
    [CTLTYPE_ULONG] = sizeof(u_long),
    [CTLTYPE_S8] = sizeof(int8_t),
    [CTLTYPE_S16] = sizeof(int16_t),
    [CTLTYPE_S32] = sizeof(int32_t),
    [CTLTYPE_S64] = sizeof(int64_t),
    [CTLTYPE_U8] = sizeof(uint8_t),
    [CTLTYPE_U16] = sizeof(uint16_t),
    [CTLTYPE_U32] = sizeof(uint32_t),
    [CTLTYPE_U64] = sizeof(uint64_t),
};

static const char *ctl_typename[CTLTYPE+1] = {
    [CTLTYPE_INT] = "integer",
    [CTLTYPE_UINT] = "unsigned integer",
    [CTLTYPE_LONG] = "long integer",
    [CTLTYPE_ULONG] = "unsigned long",
    [CTLTYPE_U8] = "uint8_t",
    [CTLTYPE_U16] = "uint16_t",
    [CTLTYPE_U32] = "uint16_t",
    [CTLTYPE_U64] = "uint64_t",
    [CTLTYPE_S8] = "int8_t",
    [CTLTYPE_S16] = "int16_t",
    [CTLTYPE_S32] = "int32_t",
    [CTLTYPE_S64] = "int64_t",
    [CTLTYPE_NODE] = "node",
    [CTLTYPE_STRING] = "string",
    [CTLTYPE_OPAQUE] = "opaque",
};

static void
usage(void)
{
    (void)fprintf(stderr, "%s\n%s\n",
        "usage: sysctl -p <f-stack proc_id> [-bdehiNnoqTtWx] [ -B <bufsize> ] [-f filename] name[=value] ...",
        "       sysctl -p <f-stack proc_id> [-bdehNnoqTtWx] [ -B <bufsize> ] -a");
    exit(1);
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int ch;
    int warncount = 0;

    setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "");
    setbuf(stdout,0);
    setbuf(stderr,0);

    while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "AabB:def:hiNnoqtTwWxXp:")) != -1) {
        switch (ch) {
        case 'A':
            /* compatibility */
            aflag = oflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'a':
            aflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'b':
            bflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'B':
            Bflag = strtol(optarg, NULL, 0);
            break;
        case 'd':
            dflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'e':
            eflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'f':
            conffile = optarg;
            break;
        case 'h':
            hflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'i':
            iflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'N':
            Nflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'n':
            nflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'o':
            oflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'q':
            qflag = 1;
            break;
        case 't':
            tflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'T':
            Tflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'w':
            /* compatibility */
            /* ignored */
            break;
        case 'W':
            Wflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'X':
            /* compatibility */
            aflag = xflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'x':
            xflag = 1;
            break;
        case 'p':
            proc_id = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        default:
            usage();
        }
    }
    argc -= optind;
    argv += optind;

    if (Nflag && nflag)
        usage();
    if (aflag && argc == 0)
        exit(sysctl_all(0, 0));
    if (argc == 0 && conffile == NULL)
        usage();

    warncount = 0;
    if (conffile != NULL)
        warncount += parsefile(conffile);

    while (argc-- > 0)
        warncount += parse(*argv++, 0);

    return (warncount);
}

/*
 * Parse a name into a MIB entry.
 * Lookup and print out the MIB entry if it exists.
 * Set a new value if requested.
 */
static int
parse(const char *string, int lineno)
{
    int len, i, j;
    const void *newval;
    const char *newvalstr = NULL;
    int8_t i8val;
    uint8_t u8val;
    int16_t i16val;
    uint16_t u16val;
    int32_t i32val;
    uint32_t u32val;
    int intval;
    unsigned int uintval;
    long longval;
    unsigned long ulongval;
    size_t newsize = Bflag;
    int64_t i64val;
    uint64_t u64val;
    int mib[CTL_MAXNAME];
    char *cp, *bufp, buf[BUFSIZ], *endptr = NULL, fmt[BUFSIZ], line[BUFSIZ];
    u_int kind;

    if (lineno)
        snprintf(line, sizeof(line), " at line %d", lineno);
    else
        line[0] = '\0';

    cp = buf;
    if (snprintf(buf, BUFSIZ, "%s", string) >= BUFSIZ) {
        warnx("oid too long: '%s'%s", string, line);
        return (1);
    }
    bufp = strsep(&cp, "=:");
    if (cp != NULL) {
        /* Tflag just lists tunables, do not allow assignment */
        if (Tflag || Wflag) {
            warnx("Can't set variables when using -T or -W");
            usage();
        }
        while (isspace(*cp))
            cp++;
        /* Strip a pair of " or ' if any. */
        switch (*cp) {
        case '\"':
        case '\'':
            if (cp[strlen(cp) - 1] == *cp)
                cp[strlen(cp) - 1] = '\0';
            cp++;
        }
        newvalstr = cp;
        newsize = strlen(cp);
    }
    /* Trim spaces */
    cp = bufp + strlen(bufp) - 1;
    while (cp >= bufp && isspace((int)*cp)) {
        *cp = '\0';
        cp--;
    }
    len = name2oid(bufp, mib);

    if (len < 0) {
        if (iflag)
            return (0);
        if (qflag)
            return (1);
        else {
            if (errno == ENOENT) {
                warnx("unknown oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
            } else {
                warn("unknown oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
            }
            return (1);
        }
    }

    if (oidfmt(mib, len, fmt, &kind)) {
        warn("couldn't find format of oid '%s'%s", bufp, line);
        if (iflag)
            return (1);
        else
            exit(1);
    }

    if (newvalstr == NULL || dflag) {
        if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
            if (dflag) {
                i = show_var(mib, len);
                if (!i && !bflag)
                    putchar('\n');
            }
            sysctl_all(mib, len);
        } else {
            i = show_var(mib, len);
            if (!i && !bflag)
                putchar('\n');
        }
    } else {
        if ((kind & CTLTYPE) == CTLTYPE_NODE) {
            warnx("oid '%s' isn't a leaf node%s", bufp, line);
            return (1);
        }

        if (!(kind & CTLFLAG_WR)) {
            if (kind & CTLFLAG_TUN) {
                warnx("oid '%s' is a read only tunable%s", bufp, line);
                warnx("Tunable values are set in /boot/loader.conf");
            } else
                warnx("oid '%s' is read only%s", bufp, line);
            return (1);
        }

        switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
        case CTLTYPE_INT:
        case CTLTYPE_UINT:
        case CTLTYPE_LONG:
        case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
        case CTLTYPE_S8:
        case CTLTYPE_S16:
        case CTLTYPE_S32:
        case CTLTYPE_S64:
        case CTLTYPE_U8:
        case CTLTYPE_U16:
        case CTLTYPE_U32:
        case CTLTYPE_U64:
            if (strlen(newvalstr) == 0) {
                warnx("empty numeric value");
                return (1);
            }
            /* FALLTHROUGH */
        case CTLTYPE_STRING:
            break;
        default:
            warnx("oid '%s' is type %d,"
                " cannot set that%s", bufp,
                kind & CTLTYPE, line);
            return (1);
        }

        errno = 0;

        switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
            case CTLTYPE_INT:
                if (strncmp(fmt, "IK", 2) == 0)
                    intval = strIKtoi(newvalstr, &endptr, fmt);
                else
                    intval = (int)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr,
                        0);
                newval = &intval;
                newsize = sizeof(intval);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_UINT:
                uintval = (int) strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &uintval;
                newsize = sizeof(uintval);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_LONG:
                longval = strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &longval;
                newsize = sizeof(longval);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
                ulongval = strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &ulongval;
                newsize = sizeof(ulongval);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_STRING:
                newval = newvalstr;
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S8:
                i8val = (int8_t)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &i8val;
                newsize = sizeof(i8val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S16:
                i16val = (int16_t)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr,
                    0);
                newval = &i16val;
                newsize = sizeof(i16val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S32:
                i32val = (int32_t)strtol(newvalstr, &endptr,
                    0);
                newval = &i32val;
                newsize = sizeof(i32val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S64:
                i64val = strtoimax(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &i64val;
                newsize = sizeof(i64val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_U8:
                u8val = (uint8_t)strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &u8val;
                newsize = sizeof(u8val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_U16:
                u16val = (uint16_t)strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr,
                    0);
                newval = &u16val;
                newsize = sizeof(u16val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_U32:
                u32val = (uint32_t)strtoul(newvalstr, &endptr,
                    0);
                newval = &u32val;
                newsize = sizeof(u32val);
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_U64:
                u64val = strtoumax(newvalstr, &endptr, 0);
                newval = &u64val;
                newsize = sizeof(u64val);
                break;
            default:
                /* NOTREACHED */
                abort();
        }

        if (errno != 0 || endptr == newvalstr ||
            (endptr != NULL && *endptr != '\0')) {
            warnx("invalid %s '%s'%s", ctl_typename[kind & CTLTYPE],
                newvalstr, line);
            return (1);
        }

        i = show_var(mib, len);
        if (sysctl_ipc(mib, len, 0, 0, newval, newsize) == -1) {
            if (!i && !bflag)
                putchar('\n');
            switch (errno) {
            case EOPNOTSUPP:
                warnx("%s: value is not available%s",
                    string, line);
                return (1);
            case ENOTDIR:
                warnx("%s: specification is incomplete%s",
                    string, line);
                return (1);
            case ENOMEM:
                warnx("%s: type is unknown to this program%s",
                    string, line);
                return (1);
            default:
                warn("%s%s", string, line);
                return (1);
            }
        }
        if (!bflag)
            printf(" -> ");
        i = nflag;
        nflag = 1;
        j = show_var(mib, len);
        if (!j && !bflag)
            putchar('\n');
        nflag = i;
    }

    return (0);
}

static int
parsefile(const char *filename)
{
    FILE *file;
    char line[BUFSIZ], *p, *pq, *pdq;
    int warncount = 0, lineno = 0;

    file = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (file == NULL)
        err(EX_NOINPUT, "%s", filename);
    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), file) != NULL) {
        lineno++;
        p = line;
        pq = strchr(line, '\'');
        pdq = strchr(line, '\"');
        /* Replace the first # with \0. */
        while((p = strchr(p, '#')) != NULL) {
            if (pq != NULL && p > pq) {
                if ((p = strchr(pq+1, '\'')) != NULL)
                    *(++p) = '\0';
                break;
            } else if (pdq != NULL && p > pdq) {
                if ((p = strchr(pdq+1, '\"')) != NULL)
                    *(++p) = '\0';
                break;
            } else if (p == line || *(p-1) != '\\') {
                *p = '\0';
                break;
            }
            p++;
        }
        /* Trim spaces */
        p = line + strlen(line) - 1;
        while (p >= line && isspace((int)*p)) {
            *p = '\0';
            p--;
        }
        p = line;
        while (isspace((int)*p))
            p++;
        if (*p == '\0')
            continue;
        else
            warncount += parse(p, lineno);
    }
    fclose(file);

    return (warncount);
}

/* These functions will dump out various interesting structures. */

static int
S_clockinfo(size_t l2, void *p)
{
    struct clockinfo *ci = (struct clockinfo*)p;

    if (l2 != sizeof(*ci)) {
        warnx("S_clockinfo %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*ci));
        return (1);
    }
    printf(hflag ? "{ hz = %'d, tick = %'d, profhz = %'d, stathz = %'d }" :
        "{ hz = %d, tick = %d, profhz = %d, stathz = %d }",
        ci->hz, ci->tick, ci->profhz, ci->stathz);
    return (0);
}

static int
S_loadavg(size_t l2, void *p)
{
    struct loadavg *tv = (struct loadavg*)p;

    if (l2 != sizeof(*tv)) {
        warnx("S_loadavg %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*tv));
        return (1);
    }
    printf(hflag ? "{ %'.2f %'.2f %'.2f }" : "{ %.2f %.2f %.2f }",
        (double)tv->ldavg[0]/(double)tv->fscale,
        (double)tv->ldavg[1]/(double)tv->fscale,
        (double)tv->ldavg[2]/(double)tv->fscale);
    return (0);
}

static int
S_timeval(size_t l2, void *p)
{
    struct timeval *tv = (struct timeval*)p;
    time_t tv_sec;
    char *p1, *p2;

    if (l2 != sizeof(*tv)) {
        warnx("S_timeval %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*tv));
        return (1);
    }
    printf(hflag ? "{ sec = %'jd, usec = %'ld } " :
        "{ sec = %jd, usec = %ld } ",
        (intmax_t)tv->tv_sec, tv->tv_usec);
    tv_sec = tv->tv_sec;
    p1 = strdup(ctime(&tv_sec));
    for (p2=p1; *p2 ; p2++)
        if (*p2 == '\n')
            *p2 = '\0';
    fputs(p1, stdout);
    free(p1);
    return (0);
}

static int
S_vmtotal(size_t l2, void *p)
{
    struct vmtotal *v = (struct vmtotal *)p;
    int pageKilo = getpagesize() / 1024;

    if (l2 != sizeof(*v)) {
        warnx("S_vmtotal %zu != %zu", l2, sizeof(*v));
        return (1);
    }

    printf(
        "\nSystem wide totals computed every five seconds:"
        " (values in kilobytes)\n");
    printf("===============================================\n");
    printf(
        "Processes:\t\t(RUNQ: %hd Disk Wait: %hd Page Wait: "
        "%hd Sleep: %hd)\n",
        v->t_rq, v->t_dw, v->t_pw, v->t_sl);
    printf(
        "Virtual Memory:\t\t(Total: %jdK Active: %jdK)\n",
        (intmax_t)v->t_vm * pageKilo, (intmax_t)v->t_avm * pageKilo);
    printf("Real Memory:\t\t(Total: %jdK Active: %jdK)\n",
        (intmax_t)v->t_rm * pageKilo, (intmax_t)v->t_arm * pageKilo);
    printf("Shared Virtual Memory:\t(Total: %jdK Active: %jdK)\n",
        (intmax_t)v->t_vmshr * pageKilo, (intmax_t)v->t_avmshr * pageKilo);
    printf("Shared Real Memory:\t(Total: %jdK Active: %jdK)\n",
        (intmax_t)v->t_rmshr * pageKilo, (intmax_t)v->t_armshr * pageKilo);
    printf("Free Memory:\t%jdK", (intmax_t)v->t_free * pageKilo);

    return (0);
}

#ifdef __amd64__
#define efi_next_descriptor(ptr, size) \
    ((struct efi_md *)(((uint8_t *) ptr) + size))

static int
S_efi_map(size_t l2, void *p)
{
    struct efi_map_header *efihdr;
    struct efi_md *map;
    const char *type;
    size_t efisz;
    int ndesc, i;

    static const char *types[] = {
        "Reserved",
        "LoaderCode",
        "LoaderData",
        "BootServicesCode",
        "BootServicesData",
        "RuntimeServicesCode",
        "RuntimeServicesData",
        "ConventionalMemory",
        "UnusableMemory",
        "ACPIReclaimMemory",
        "ACPIMemoryNVS",
        "MemoryMappedIO",
        "MemoryMappedIOPortSpace",
        "PalCode"
    };

    /*
     * Memory map data provided by UEFI via the GetMemoryMap
     * Boot Services API.
     */
    if (l2 < sizeof(*efihdr)) {
        warnx("S_efi_map length less than header");
        return (1);
    }
    efihdr = p;
    efisz = (sizeof(struct efi_map_header) + 0xf) & ~0xf;
    map = (struct efi_md *)((uint8_t *)efihdr + efisz);

    if (efihdr->descriptor_size == 0)
        return (0);
    if (l2 != efisz + efihdr->memory_size) {
        warnx("S_efi_map length mismatch %zu vs %zu", l2, efisz +
            efihdr->memory_size);
        return (1);
    }
    ndesc = efihdr->memory_size / efihdr->descriptor_size;

    printf("\n%23s %12s %12s %8s %4s",
        "Type", "Physical", "Virtual", "#Pages", "Attr");

    for (i = 0; i < ndesc; i++,
        map = efi_next_descriptor(map, efihdr->descriptor_size)) {
        if (map->md_type <= EFI_MD_TYPE_PALCODE)
            type = types[map->md_type];
        else
            type = "<INVALID>";
        printf("\n%23s %012lx %12p %08lx ", type, map->md_phys,
            map->md_virt, map->md_pages);
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_UC)
            printf("UC ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WC)
            printf("WC ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WT)
            printf("WT ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WB)
            printf("WB ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_UCE)
            printf("UCE ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_WP)
            printf("WP ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_RP)
            printf("RP ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_XP)
            printf("XP ");
        if (map->md_attr & EFI_MD_ATTR_RT)
            printf("RUNTIME");
    }
    return (0);
}
#endif

#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
static int
S_bios_smap_xattr(size_t l2, void *p)
{
    struct bios_smap_xattr *smap, *end;

    if (l2 % sizeof(*smap) != 0) {
        warnx("S_bios_smap_xattr %zu is not a multiple of %zu", l2,
            sizeof(*smap));
        return (1);
    }

    end = (struct bios_smap_xattr *)((char *)p + l2);
    for (smap = p; smap < end; smap++)
        printf("\nSMAP type=%02x, xattr=%02x, base=%016jx, len=%016jx",
            smap->type, smap->xattr, (uintmax_t)smap->base,
            (uintmax_t)smap->length);
    return (0);
}
#endif

static int
strIKtoi(const char *str, char **endptrp, const char *fmt)
{
    int kelv;
    float temp;
    size_t len;
    const char *p;
    int prec, i;

    assert(errno == 0);

    len = strlen(str);
    /* caller already checked this */
    assert(len > 0);

    /*
     * A format of "IK" is in deciKelvin. A format of "IK3" is in
     * milliKelvin. The single digit following IK is log10 of the
     * multiplying factor to convert Kelvin into the untis of this sysctl,
     * or the dividing factor to convert the sysctl value to Kelvin. Numbers
     * larger than 6 will run into precision issues with 32-bit integers.
     * Characters that aren't ASCII digits after the 'K' are ignored. No
     * localization is present because this is an interface from the kernel
     * to this program (eg not an end-user interface), so isdigit() isn't
     * used here.
     */
    if (fmt[2] != '\0' && fmt[2] >= '0' && fmt[2] <= '9')
        prec = fmt[2] - '0';
    else
        prec = 1;
    p = &str[len - 1];
    if (*p == 'C' || *p == 'F' || *p == 'K') {
        temp = strtof(str, endptrp);
        if (*endptrp != str && *endptrp == p && errno == 0) {
            if (*p == 'F')
                temp = (temp - 32) * 5 / 9;
            *endptrp = NULL;
            if (*p != 'K')
                temp += 273.15;
            for (i = 0; i < prec; i++)
                temp *= 10.0;
            return ((int)(temp + 0.5));
        }
    } else {
        /* No unit specified -> treat it as a raw number */
        kelv = (int)strtol(str, endptrp, 10);
        if (*endptrp != str && *endptrp == p && errno == 0) {
            *endptrp = NULL;
            return (kelv);
        }
    }

    errno = ERANGE;
    return (0);
}

/*
 * These functions uses a presently undocumented interface to the kernel
 * to walk the tree and get the type so it can print the value.
 * This interface is under work and consideration, and should probably
 * be killed with a big axe by the first person who can find the time.
 * (be aware though, that the proper interface isn't as obvious as it
 * may seem, there are various conflicting requirements.
 */

static int
name2oid(const char *name, int *oidp)
{
    int oid[2];
    int i;
    size_t j;

    oid[0] = 0;
    oid[1] = 3;

    j = CTL_MAXNAME * sizeof(int);
    i = sysctl_ipc(oid, 2, oidp, &j, name, strlen(name));
    if (i < 0)
        return (i);
    j /= sizeof(int);
    return (j);
}

static int
oidfmt(int *oid, int len, char *fmt, u_int *kind)
{
    int qoid[CTL_MAXNAME+2];
    u_char buf[BUFSIZ];
    int i;
    size_t j;

    qoid[0] = 0;
    qoid[1] = 4;
    memcpy(qoid + 2, oid, len * sizeof(int));

    j = sizeof(buf);
    i = sysctl_ipc(qoid, len + 2, buf, &j, 0, 0);
    if (i)
        err(1, "sysctl fmt %d %zu %d", i, j, errno);

    if (kind)
        *kind = *(u_int *)buf;

    if (fmt)
        strcpy(fmt, (char *)(buf + sizeof(u_int)));
    return (0);
}

/*
 * This formats and outputs the value of one variable
 *
 * Returns zero if anything was actually output.
 * Returns one if didn't know what to do with this.
 * Return minus one if we had errors.
 */
static int
show_var(int *oid, int nlen)
{
    u_char buf[BUFSIZ], *val, *oval, *p;
    char name[BUFSIZ], fmt[BUFSIZ];
    const char *sep, *sep1, *prntype;
    int qoid[CTL_MAXNAME+2];
    uintmax_t umv;
    intmax_t mv;
    int i, hexlen, sign, ctltype;
    size_t intlen;
    size_t j, len;
    u_int kind;
    float base;
    int (*func)(size_t, void *);
    int prec;

    /* Silence GCC. */
    umv = mv = intlen = 0;

    bzero(buf, BUFSIZ);
    bzero(fmt, BUFSIZ);
    bzero(name, BUFSIZ);
    qoid[0] = 0;
    memcpy(qoid + 2, oid, nlen * sizeof(int));

    qoid[1] = 1;
    j = sizeof(name);
    i = sysctl_ipc(qoid, nlen + 2, name, &j, 0, 0);
    if (i || !j)
        err(1, "sysctl name %d %zu %d", i, j, errno);

    oidfmt(oid, nlen, fmt, &kind);
    /* if Wflag then only list sysctls that are writeable and not stats. */
    if (Wflag && ((kind & CTLFLAG_WR) == 0 || (kind & CTLFLAG_STATS) != 0))
        return 1;

    /* if Tflag then only list sysctls that are tuneables. */
    if (Tflag && (kind & CTLFLAG_TUN) == 0)
        return 1;

    if (Nflag) {
        printf("%s", name);
        return (0);
    }

    if (eflag)
        sep = "=";
    else
        sep = ": ";

    ctltype = (kind & CTLTYPE);
    if (tflag || dflag) {
        if (!nflag)
            printf("%s%s", name, sep);
            if (ctl_typename[ctltype] != NULL)
                prntype = ctl_typename[ctltype];
            else
                prntype = "unknown";
        if (tflag && dflag)
            printf("%s%s", prntype, sep);
        else if (tflag) {
            printf("%s", prntype);
            return (0);
        }
        qoid[1] = 5;
        j = sizeof(buf);
        i = sysctl_ipc(qoid, nlen + 2, buf, &j, 0, 0);
        printf("%s", buf);
        return (0);
    }
    /* find an estimate of how much we need for this var */
    if (Bflag)
        j = Bflag;
    else {
        j = 0;
        i = sysctl_ipc(oid, nlen, 0, &j, 0, 0);
        j += j; /* we want to be sure :-) */
    }

    val = oval = malloc(j + 1);
    if (val == NULL) {
        warnx("malloc failed");
        return (1);
    }
    len = j;
    i = sysctl_ipc(oid, nlen, val, &len, 0, 0);
    if (i != 0 || (len == 0 && ctltype != CTLTYPE_STRING)) {
        free(oval);
        return (1);
    }

    if (bflag) {
        fwrite(val, 1, len, stdout);
        free(oval);
        return (0);
    }
    val[len] = '\0';
    p = val;
    sign = ctl_sign[ctltype];
    intlen = ctl_size[ctltype];

    switch (ctltype) {
    case CTLTYPE_STRING:
        if (!nflag)
            printf("%s%s", name, sep);
        printf("%.*s", (int)len, p);
        free(oval);
        return (0);

    case CTLTYPE_INT:
    case CTLTYPE_UINT:
    case CTLTYPE_LONG:
    case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
    case CTLTYPE_S8:
    case CTLTYPE_S16:
    case CTLTYPE_S32:
    case CTLTYPE_S64:
    case CTLTYPE_U8:
    case CTLTYPE_U16:
    case CTLTYPE_U32:
    case CTLTYPE_U64:
        if (!nflag)
            printf("%s%s", name, sep);
        hexlen = 2 + (intlen * CHAR_BIT + 3) / 4;
        sep1 = "";
        while (len >= intlen) {
            switch (kind & CTLTYPE) {
            case CTLTYPE_INT:
            case CTLTYPE_UINT:
                umv = *(u_int *)p;
                mv = *(int *)p;
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_LONG:
            case CTLTYPE_ULONG:
                umv = *(u_long *)p;
                mv = *(long *)p;
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S8:
            case CTLTYPE_U8:
                umv = *(uint8_t *)p;
                mv = *(int8_t *)p;
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S16:
            case CTLTYPE_U16:
                umv = *(uint16_t *)p;
                mv = *(int16_t *)p;
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S32:
            case CTLTYPE_U32:
                umv = *(uint32_t *)p;
                mv = *(int32_t *)p;
                break;
            case CTLTYPE_S64:
            case CTLTYPE_U64:
                umv = *(uint64_t *)p;
                mv = *(int64_t *)p;
                break;
            }
            fputs(sep1, stdout);
            if (xflag)
                printf("%#0*jx", hexlen, umv);
            else if (!sign)
                printf(hflag ? "%'ju" : "%ju", umv);
            else if (fmt[1] == 'K') {
                if (mv < 0)
                    printf("%jd", mv);
                else {
                    /*
                     * See strIKtoi for details on fmt.
                     */
                    int i;
                    prec = 1;
                    if (fmt[2] != '\0')
                        prec = fmt[2] - '0';
                    base = 1.0;
                    for (i = 0; i < prec; i++)
                        base *= 10.0;
                    printf("%.*fC", prec,
                        (float)mv / base - 273.15);
                }
            } else
                printf(hflag ? "%'jd" : "%jd", mv);
            sep1 = " ";
            len -= intlen;
            p += intlen;
        }
        free(oval);
        return (0);

    case CTLTYPE_OPAQUE:
        i = 0;
        if (strcmp(fmt, "S,clockinfo") == 0)
            func = S_clockinfo;
        else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,timeval") == 0)
            func = S_timeval;
        else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,loadavg") == 0)
            func = S_loadavg;
        else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,vmtotal") == 0)
            func = S_vmtotal;
#ifdef __amd64__
        else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,efi_map_header") == 0)
            func = S_efi_map;
#endif
#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__i386__)
        else if (strcmp(fmt, "S,bios_smap_xattr") == 0)
            func = S_bios_smap_xattr;
#endif
        else
            func = NULL;
        if (func) {
            if (!nflag)
                printf("%s%s", name, sep);
            i = (*func)(len, p);
            free(oval);
            return (i);
        }
        /* FALLTHROUGH */
    default:
        if (!oflag && !xflag) {
            free(oval);
            return (1);
        }
        if (!nflag)
            printf("%s%s", name, sep);
        printf("Format:%s Length:%zu Dump:0x", fmt, len);
        while (len-- && (xflag || p < val + 16))
            printf("%02x", *p++);
        if (!xflag && len > 16)
            printf("...");
        free(oval);
        return (0);
    }
    free(oval);
    return (1);
}

static int
sysctl_all(int *oid, int len)
{
    int name1[22], name2[22];
    int i, j;
    size_t l1, l2;

    name1[0] = 0;
    name1[1] = 2;
    l1 = 2;
    if (len) {
        memcpy(name1+2, oid, len * sizeof(int));
        l1 += len;
    } else {
        name1[2] = 1;
        l1++;
    }
    for (;;) {
        l2 = sizeof(name2);
        j = sysctl_ipc(name1, l1, name2, &l2, 0, 0);
        if (j < 0) {
            if (errno == ENOENT)
                return (0);
            else
                err(1, "sysctl_ipc(getnext) %d %zu", j, l2);
        }

        l2 /= sizeof(int);

        if (len < 0 || l2 < (unsigned int)len)
            return (0);

        for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
            if (name2[i] != oid[i])
                return (0);

        i = show_var(name2, l2);
        if (!i && !bflag)
            putchar('\n');

        memcpy(name1+2, name2, l2 * sizeof(int));
        l1 = 2 + l2;
    }
}

static int
sysctl_ipc(int *name, unsigned namelen, void *old,
    size_t *oldlenp, const void *new, size_t newlen)
{
    struct ff_msg *msg, *retmsg = NULL;

    if (old != NULL && oldlenp == NULL) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

    msg = ff_ipc_msg_alloc();
    if (msg == NULL) {
        errno = ENOMEM;
        return -1;
    }

    size_t oldlen = 0;
    if (oldlenp) {
        oldlen = *oldlenp;
    }

    if (namelen + oldlen + newlen > msg->buf_len) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        ff_ipc_msg_free(msg);
        return -1;
    }

    char *buf_addr = msg->buf_addr;

    msg->msg_type = FF_SYSCTL;
    msg->sysctl.name = (int *)buf_addr;
    msg->sysctl.namelen = namelen;
    memcpy(msg->sysctl.name, name, namelen*sizeof(int));

    buf_addr += namelen*sizeof(int);

    if (new != NULL && newlen != 0) {
        msg->sysctl.new = buf_addr;
        msg->sysctl.newlen = newlen;
        memcpy(msg->sysctl.new, new, newlen);

        buf_addr += newlen;
    } else {
        msg->sysctl.new = NULL;
        msg->sysctl.newlen = 0;
    }

    if (oldlenp != NULL) {
        msg->sysctl.oldlenp = (size_t *)buf_addr;
        memcpy(msg->sysctl.oldlenp, oldlenp, sizeof(size_t));
        buf_addr += sizeof(size_t);

        if (old != NULL) {
            msg->sysctl.old = (void *)buf_addr;
            memcpy(msg->sysctl.old, old, *oldlenp);
            buf_addr += *oldlenp;
        } else {
            msg->sysctl.old = NULL;
        }
    } else {
        msg->sysctl.oldlenp = NULL;
        msg->sysctl.old = NULL;
    }

    int ret = ff_ipc_send(msg, proc_id);
    if (ret < 0) {
        errno = EPIPE;
        ff_ipc_msg_free(msg);
        return -1;
    }

    do {
        if (retmsg != NULL) {
            ff_ipc_msg_free(retmsg);
        }
        ret = ff_ipc_recv(&retmsg, proc_id);
        if (ret < 0) {
            errno = EPIPE;
            ff_ipc_msg_free(msg);
            return -1;
        }
    } while (msg != retmsg);

    if (retmsg->result == 0) {
        ret = 0;
        if (oldlenp && retmsg->sysctl.oldlenp) {
            *oldlenp = *retmsg->sysctl.oldlenp;
        }

        if (old && retmsg->sysctl.old && oldlenp) {
            memcpy(old, retmsg->sysctl.old, *oldlenp);
        }
    } else {
        ret = -1;
        errno = retmsg->result;
    }

    ff_ipc_msg_free(msg);

    return ret;
}