1 //===-- include/flang/Semantics/expression.h --------------------*- C++ -*-===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8
9 #ifndef FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_EXPRESSION_H_
10 #define FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_EXPRESSION_H_
11
12 #include "semantics.h"
13 #include "flang/Common/Fortran.h"
14 #include "flang/Common/indirection.h"
15 #include "flang/Common/restorer.h"
16 #include "flang/Common/visit.h"
17 #include "flang/Evaluate/characteristics.h"
18 #include "flang/Evaluate/check-expression.h"
19 #include "flang/Evaluate/expression.h"
20 #include "flang/Evaluate/fold.h"
21 #include "flang/Evaluate/tools.h"
22 #include "flang/Evaluate/type.h"
23 #include "flang/Parser/char-block.h"
24 #include "flang/Parser/parse-tree-visitor.h"
25 #include "flang/Parser/parse-tree.h"
26 #include "flang/Parser/tools.h"
27 #include <map>
28 #include <optional>
29 #include <type_traits>
30 #include <variant>
31
32 using namespace Fortran::parser::literals;
33
34 namespace Fortran::parser {
35 struct SourceLocationFindingVisitor {
PreSourceLocationFindingVisitor36 template <typename A> bool Pre(const A &x) {
37 if constexpr (HasSource<A>::value) {
38 source.ExtendToCover(x.source);
39 return false;
40 } else {
41 return true;
42 }
43 }
PostSourceLocationFindingVisitor44 template <typename A> void Post(const A &) {}
PostSourceLocationFindingVisitor45 void Post(const CharBlock &at) { source.ExtendToCover(at); }
46
47 CharBlock source;
48 };
49
FindSourceLocation(const A & x)50 template <typename A> CharBlock FindSourceLocation(const A &x) {
51 SourceLocationFindingVisitor visitor;
52 Walk(x, visitor);
53 return visitor.source;
54 }
55 } // namespace Fortran::parser
56
57 using namespace Fortran::parser::literals;
58
59 // The expression semantic analysis code has its implementation in
60 // namespace Fortran::evaluate, but the exposed API to it is in the
61 // namespace Fortran::semantics (below).
62 //
63 // The ExpressionAnalyzer wraps a SemanticsContext reference
64 // and implements constraint checking on expressions using the
65 // parse tree node wrappers that mirror the grammar annotations used
66 // in the Fortran standard (i.e., scalar-, constant-, &c.).
67
68 namespace Fortran::evaluate {
69
70 class IntrinsicProcTable;
71
72 struct SetExprHelper {
SetExprHelperSetExprHelper73 explicit SetExprHelper(GenericExprWrapper &&expr) : expr_{std::move(expr)} {}
SetSetExprHelper74 void Set(parser::TypedExpr &x) {
75 x.Reset(new GenericExprWrapper{std::move(expr_)},
76 evaluate::GenericExprWrapper::Deleter);
77 }
SetSetExprHelper78 template <typename T> void Set(const common::Indirection<T> &x) {
79 Set(x.value());
80 }
SetSetExprHelper81 template <typename T> void Set(const T &x) {
82 if constexpr (parser::HasTypedExpr<T>::value) {
83 Set(x.typedExpr);
84 } else if constexpr (ConstraintTrait<T>) {
85 Set(x.thing);
86 } else if constexpr (WrapperTrait<T>) {
87 Set(x.v);
88 }
89 }
90
91 GenericExprWrapper expr_;
92 };
93
ResetExpr(const T & x)94 template <typename T> void ResetExpr(const T &x) {
95 SetExprHelper{GenericExprWrapper{/* error indicator */}}.Set(x);
96 }
97
SetExpr(const T & x,Expr<SomeType> && expr)98 template <typename T> void SetExpr(const T &x, Expr<SomeType> &&expr) {
99 SetExprHelper{GenericExprWrapper{std::move(expr)}}.Set(x);
100 }
101
102 class ExpressionAnalyzer {
103 public:
104 using MaybeExpr = std::optional<Expr<SomeType>>;
105
ExpressionAnalyzer(semantics::SemanticsContext & sc)106 explicit ExpressionAnalyzer(semantics::SemanticsContext &sc) : context_{sc} {}
ExpressionAnalyzer(semantics::SemanticsContext & sc,FoldingContext & fc)107 ExpressionAnalyzer(semantics::SemanticsContext &sc, FoldingContext &fc)
108 : context_{sc}, foldingContext_{fc} {}
109 ExpressionAnalyzer(const ExpressionAnalyzer &) = default;
110
context()111 semantics::SemanticsContext &context() const { return context_; }
inWhereBody()112 bool inWhereBody() const { return inWhereBody_; }
113 void set_inWhereBody(bool yes = true) { inWhereBody_ = yes; }
114
GetFoldingContext()115 FoldingContext &GetFoldingContext() const { return foldingContext_; }
116
GetContextualMessages()117 parser::ContextualMessages &GetContextualMessages() {
118 return foldingContext_.messages();
119 }
120
Say(A &&...args)121 template <typename... A> parser::Message *Say(A &&...args) {
122 return GetContextualMessages().Say(std::forward<A>(args)...);
123 }
124
125 template <typename T, typename... A>
SayAt(const T & parsed,A &&...args)126 parser::Message *SayAt(const T &parsed, A &&...args) {
127 return Say(parser::FindSourceLocation(parsed), std::forward<A>(args)...);
128 }
129
130 int GetDefaultKind(common::TypeCategory);
131 DynamicType GetDefaultKindOfType(common::TypeCategory);
132
133 // Return false and emit error if these checks fail:
134 bool CheckIntrinsicKind(TypeCategory, std::int64_t kind);
135 bool CheckIntrinsicSize(TypeCategory, std::int64_t size);
136
137 // Manage a set of active implied DO loops.
138 bool AddImpliedDo(parser::CharBlock, int kind);
139 void RemoveImpliedDo(parser::CharBlock);
140
141 // When the argument is the name of an active implied DO index, returns
142 // its INTEGER kind type parameter.
143 std::optional<int> IsImpliedDo(parser::CharBlock) const;
144
145 // Allows a whole assumed-size array to appear for the lifetime of
146 // the returned value.
AllowWholeAssumedSizeArray()147 common::Restorer<bool> AllowWholeAssumedSizeArray() {
148 return common::ScopedSet(isWholeAssumedSizeArrayOk_, true);
149 }
150
DoNotUseSavedTypedExprs()151 common::Restorer<bool> DoNotUseSavedTypedExprs() {
152 return common::ScopedSet(useSavedTypedExprs_, false);
153 }
154
155 Expr<SubscriptInteger> AnalyzeKindSelector(common::TypeCategory category,
156 const std::optional<parser::KindSelector> &);
157
158 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr &);
159 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Variable &);
160 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Selector &);
161 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Designator &);
162 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::DataStmtValue &);
163 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::AllocateObject &);
164 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::PointerObject &);
165
Analyze(const common::Indirection<A> & x)166 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const common::Indirection<A> &x) {
167 return Analyze(x.value());
168 }
Analyze(const std::optional<A> & x)169 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const std::optional<A> &x) {
170 if (x) {
171 return Analyze(*x);
172 } else {
173 return std::nullopt;
174 }
175 }
176
177 // Implement constraint-checking wrappers from the Fortran grammar.
Analyze(const parser::Scalar<A> & x)178 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Scalar<A> &x) {
179 auto result{Analyze(x.thing)};
180 if (result) {
181 if (int rank{result->Rank()}; rank != 0) {
182 SayAt(x, "Must be a scalar value, but is a rank-%d array"_err_en_US,
183 rank);
184 ResetExpr(x);
185 return std::nullopt;
186 }
187 }
188 return result;
189 }
Analyze(const parser::Constant<A> & x)190 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Constant<A> &x) {
191 auto restorer{
192 GetFoldingContext().messages().SetLocation(FindSourceLocation(x))};
193 auto result{Analyze(x.thing)};
194 if (result) {
195 *result = Fold(std::move(*result));
196 if (!IsConstantExpr(*result)) { // C886, C887, C713
197 SayAt(x, "Must be a constant value"_err_en_US);
198 ResetExpr(x);
199 return std::nullopt;
200 } else {
201 // Save folded expression for later use
202 SetExpr(x, common::Clone(*result));
203 }
204 }
205 return result;
206 }
Analyze(const parser::Integer<A> & x)207 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Integer<A> &x) {
208 auto result{Analyze(x.thing)};
209 if (!EnforceTypeConstraint(
210 parser::FindSourceLocation(x), result, TypeCategory::Integer)) {
211 ResetExpr(x);
212 return std::nullopt;
213 }
214 return result;
215 }
Analyze(const parser::Logical<A> & x)216 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Logical<A> &x) {
217 auto result{Analyze(x.thing)};
218 if (!EnforceTypeConstraint(
219 parser::FindSourceLocation(x), result, TypeCategory::Logical)) {
220 ResetExpr(x);
221 return std::nullopt;
222 }
223 return result;
224 }
Analyze(const parser::DefaultChar<A> & x)225 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::DefaultChar<A> &x) {
226 auto result{Analyze(x.thing)};
227 if (!EnforceTypeConstraint(parser::FindSourceLocation(x), result,
228 TypeCategory::Character, true /* default kind */)) {
229 ResetExpr(x);
230 return std::nullopt;
231 }
232 return result;
233 }
234
235 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Name &);
Analyze(const parser::DataRef & dr)236 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::DataRef &dr) {
237 return Analyze<parser::DataRef>(dr);
238 }
239 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::StructureComponent &);
240 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::SignedIntLiteralConstant &);
241 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::SignedRealLiteralConstant &);
242 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::SignedComplexLiteralConstant &);
243 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::StructureConstructor &);
244 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::InitialDataTarget &);
245 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::NullInit &);
246
247 void Analyze(const parser::CallStmt &);
248 const Assignment *Analyze(const parser::AssignmentStmt &);
249 const Assignment *Analyze(const parser::PointerAssignmentStmt &);
250
251 // Builds a typed Designator from an untyped DataRef
252 MaybeExpr Designate(DataRef &&);
253
254 protected:
255 int IntegerTypeSpecKind(const parser::IntegerTypeSpec &);
256
257 private:
258 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::IntLiteralConstant &, bool negated = false);
259 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::RealLiteralConstant &);
260 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::ComplexPart &);
261 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::ComplexLiteralConstant &);
262 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::LogicalLiteralConstant &);
263 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::CharLiteralConstant &);
264 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::HollerithLiteralConstant &);
265 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::BOZLiteralConstant &);
266 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::NamedConstant &);
267 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::DataStmtConstant &);
268 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Substring &);
269 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::ArrayElement &);
270 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::CoindexedNamedObject &);
271 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::CharLiteralConstantSubstring &);
272 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::SubstringInquiry &);
273 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::ArrayConstructor &);
274 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::FunctionReference &,
275 std::optional<parser::StructureConstructor> * = nullptr);
276 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Parentheses &);
277 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::UnaryPlus &);
278 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Negate &);
279 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::NOT &);
280 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::PercentLoc &);
281 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::DefinedUnary &);
282 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Power &);
283 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Multiply &);
284 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Divide &);
285 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Add &);
286 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Subtract &);
287 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::ComplexConstructor &);
288 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::Concat &);
289 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::LT &);
290 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::LE &);
291 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::EQ &);
292 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::NE &);
293 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::GE &);
294 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::GT &);
295 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::AND &);
296 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::OR &);
297 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::EQV &);
298 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::NEQV &);
299 MaybeExpr Analyze(const parser::Expr::DefinedBinary &);
Analyze(const A & x)300 template <typename A> MaybeExpr Analyze(const A &x) {
301 return Analyze(x.u); // default case
302 }
Analyze(const std::variant<As...> & u)303 template <typename... As> MaybeExpr Analyze(const std::variant<As...> &u) {
304 return common::visit([&](const auto &x) { return Analyze(x); }, u);
305 }
306
307 // Analysis subroutines
308 int AnalyzeKindParam(
309 const std::optional<parser::KindParam> &, int defaultKind);
310 template <typename PARSED>
311 MaybeExpr ExprOrVariable(const PARSED &, parser::CharBlock source);
312 template <typename PARSED>
313 MaybeExpr IntLiteralConstant(const PARSED &, bool negated = false);
314 MaybeExpr AnalyzeString(std::string &&, int kind);
315 std::optional<Expr<SubscriptInteger>> AsSubscript(MaybeExpr &&);
316 std::optional<Expr<SubscriptInteger>> TripletPart(
317 const std::optional<parser::Subscript> &);
318 std::optional<Subscript> AnalyzeSectionSubscript(
319 const parser::SectionSubscript &);
320 std::vector<Subscript> AnalyzeSectionSubscripts(
321 const std::list<parser::SectionSubscript> &);
322 std::optional<Component> CreateComponent(
323 DataRef &&, const Symbol &, const semantics::Scope &);
324 MaybeExpr CompleteSubscripts(ArrayRef &&);
325 MaybeExpr ApplySubscripts(DataRef &&, std::vector<Subscript> &&);
326 bool CheckRanks(const DataRef &); // Return false if error exists.
327 std::optional<Expr<SubscriptInteger>> GetSubstringBound(
328 const std::optional<parser::ScalarIntExpr> &);
329 MaybeExpr AnalyzeDefinedOp(const parser::Name &, ActualArguments &&);
330 MaybeExpr FixMisparsedSubstring(const parser::Designator &);
331
332 struct CalleeAndArguments {
333 // A non-component function reference may constitute a misparsed
334 // structure constructor, in which case its derived type's Symbol
335 // will appear here.
336 std::variant<ProcedureDesignator, SymbolRef> u;
337 ActualArguments arguments;
338 };
339
340 std::optional<CalleeAndArguments> AnalyzeProcedureComponentRef(
341 const parser::ProcComponentRef &, ActualArguments &&, bool isSubroutine);
342 std::optional<characteristics::Procedure> CheckCall(
343 parser::CharBlock, const ProcedureDesignator &, ActualArguments &);
344 using AdjustActuals =
345 std::optional<std::function<bool(const Symbol &, ActualArguments &)>>;
346 bool ResolveForward(const Symbol &);
347 std::pair<const Symbol *, bool /* failure due to NULL() actuals */>
348 ResolveGeneric(const Symbol &, const ActualArguments &, const AdjustActuals &,
349 bool isSubroutine, bool mightBeStructureConstructor = false);
350 void EmitGenericResolutionError(const Symbol &, bool dueToNullActuals);
351 const Symbol &AccessSpecific(
352 const Symbol &originalGeneric, const Symbol &specific);
353 std::optional<CalleeAndArguments> GetCalleeAndArguments(const parser::Name &,
354 ActualArguments &&, bool isSubroutine = false,
355 bool mightBeStructureConstructor = false);
356 std::optional<CalleeAndArguments> GetCalleeAndArguments(
357 const parser::ProcedureDesignator &, ActualArguments &&,
358 bool isSubroutine, bool mightBeStructureConstructor = false);
359 void CheckBadExplicitType(const SpecificCall &, const Symbol &);
360 void CheckForBadRecursion(parser::CharBlock, const semantics::Symbol &);
361 bool EnforceTypeConstraint(parser::CharBlock, const MaybeExpr &, TypeCategory,
362 bool defaultKind = false);
363 MaybeExpr MakeFunctionRef(
364 parser::CharBlock, ProcedureDesignator &&, ActualArguments &&);
365 MaybeExpr MakeFunctionRef(parser::CharBlock intrinsic, ActualArguments &&);
Fold(T && expr)366 template <typename T> T Fold(T &&expr) {
367 return evaluate::Fold(foldingContext_, std::move(expr));
368 }
369 bool CheckIsValidForwardReference(const semantics::DerivedTypeSpec &);
370
371 semantics::SemanticsContext &context_;
372 FoldingContext &foldingContext_{context_.foldingContext()};
373 std::map<parser::CharBlock, int> impliedDos_; // values are INTEGER kinds
374 bool isWholeAssumedSizeArrayOk_{false};
375 bool useSavedTypedExprs_{true};
376 bool inWhereBody_{false};
377 bool inDataStmtConstant_{false};
378 friend class ArgumentAnalyzer;
379 };
380
AreConformable(int leftRank,int rightRank)381 inline bool AreConformable(int leftRank, int rightRank) {
382 return leftRank == 0 || rightRank == 0 || leftRank == rightRank;
383 }
384
385 template <typename L, typename R>
AreConformable(const L & left,const R & right)386 bool AreConformable(const L &left, const R &right) {
387 return AreConformable(left.Rank(), right.Rank());
388 }
389
390 template <typename L, typename R>
ConformabilityCheck(parser::ContextualMessages & context,const L & left,const R & right)391 void ConformabilityCheck(
392 parser::ContextualMessages &context, const L &left, const R &right) {
393 if (!AreConformable(left, right)) {
394 context.Say("left operand has rank %d, right operand has rank %d"_err_en_US,
395 left.Rank(), right.Rank());
396 }
397 }
398 } // namespace Fortran::evaluate
399
400 namespace Fortran::semantics {
401
402 // Semantic analysis of one expression, variable, selector, designator, &c.
403 template <typename A>
AnalyzeExpr(SemanticsContext & context,const A & expr)404 std::optional<evaluate::Expr<evaluate::SomeType>> AnalyzeExpr(
405 SemanticsContext &context, const A &expr) {
406 return evaluate::ExpressionAnalyzer{context}.Analyze(expr);
407 }
408
409 // Semantic analysis of an intrinsic type's KIND parameter expression.
410 evaluate::Expr<evaluate::SubscriptInteger> AnalyzeKindSelector(
411 SemanticsContext &, common::TypeCategory,
412 const std::optional<parser::KindSelector> &);
413
414 // Semantic analysis of all expressions in a parse tree, which becomes
415 // decorated with typed representations for top-level expressions.
416 class ExprChecker {
417 public:
418 explicit ExprChecker(SemanticsContext &);
419
Pre(const A &)420 template <typename A> bool Pre(const A &) { return true; }
Post(const A &)421 template <typename A> void Post(const A &) {}
422 bool Walk(const parser::Program &);
423
Pre(const parser::Expr & x)424 bool Pre(const parser::Expr &x) {
425 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
426 return false;
427 }
Pre(const parser::Variable & x)428 bool Pre(const parser::Variable &x) {
429 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
430 return false;
431 }
Pre(const parser::Selector & x)432 bool Pre(const parser::Selector &x) {
433 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
434 return false;
435 }
Pre(const parser::DataStmtValue & x)436 bool Pre(const parser::DataStmtValue &x) {
437 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
438 return false;
439 }
Pre(const parser::AllocateObject & x)440 bool Pre(const parser::AllocateObject &x) {
441 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
442 return false;
443 }
Pre(const parser::PointerObject & x)444 bool Pre(const parser::PointerObject &x) {
445 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
446 return false;
447 }
448 bool Pre(const parser::DataImpliedDo &);
449
Pre(const parser::CallStmt & x)450 bool Pre(const parser::CallStmt &x) {
451 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
452 return false;
453 }
Pre(const parser::AssignmentStmt & x)454 bool Pre(const parser::AssignmentStmt &x) {
455 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
456 return false;
457 }
Pre(const parser::PointerAssignmentStmt & x)458 bool Pre(const parser::PointerAssignmentStmt &x) {
459 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
460 return false;
461 }
462
463 // Track whether we're in a WHERE statement or construct body
Pre(const parser::WhereStmt &)464 bool Pre(const parser::WhereStmt &) {
465 ++whereDepth_;
466 exprAnalyzer_.set_inWhereBody(InWhereBody());
467 return true;
468 }
Post(const parser::WhereStmt &)469 void Post(const parser::WhereStmt &) {
470 --whereDepth_;
471 exprAnalyzer_.set_inWhereBody(InWhereBody());
472 }
Pre(const parser::WhereBodyConstruct &)473 bool Pre(const parser::WhereBodyConstruct &) {
474 ++whereDepth_;
475 exprAnalyzer_.set_inWhereBody(InWhereBody());
476 return true;
477 }
Post(const parser::WhereBodyConstruct &)478 void Post(const parser::WhereBodyConstruct &) {
479 --whereDepth_;
480 exprAnalyzer_.set_inWhereBody(InWhereBody());
481 }
482
Pre(const parser::ComponentDefStmt &)483 bool Pre(const parser::ComponentDefStmt &) {
484 // Already analyzed in name resolution and PDT instantiation;
485 // do not attempt to re-analyze now without type parameters.
486 return false;
487 }
488
Pre(const parser::Scalar<A> & x)489 template <typename A> bool Pre(const parser::Scalar<A> &x) {
490 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
491 return false;
492 }
Pre(const parser::Constant<A> & x)493 template <typename A> bool Pre(const parser::Constant<A> &x) {
494 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
495 return false;
496 }
Pre(const parser::Integer<A> & x)497 template <typename A> bool Pre(const parser::Integer<A> &x) {
498 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
499 return false;
500 }
Pre(const parser::Logical<A> & x)501 template <typename A> bool Pre(const parser::Logical<A> &x) {
502 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
503 return false;
504 }
Pre(const parser::DefaultChar<A> & x)505 template <typename A> bool Pre(const parser::DefaultChar<A> &x) {
506 exprAnalyzer_.Analyze(x);
507 return false;
508 }
509
510 private:
InWhereBody()511 bool InWhereBody() const { return whereDepth_ > 0; }
512
513 SemanticsContext &context_;
514 evaluate::ExpressionAnalyzer exprAnalyzer_{context_};
515 int whereDepth_{0}; // nesting of WHERE statements & constructs
516 };
517 } // namespace Fortran::semantics
518 #endif // FORTRAN_SEMANTICS_EXPRESSION_H_
519